Etomidate affects the anti-oxidant pathway to protect retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection.

Our previous studies revealed that etomidate, a non-barbiturate intravenous anesthetic agent, has protective effects on retinal ganglion cells within 7 days after optic nerve transection. Whether this process is related to anti-oxidative stress is not clear. To reveal its mechanism, we established the optic nerve transection injury model by transecting 1 mm behind the left eyeball of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids Enhance Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Transection in Rats.

Purpose: This study's aim was to investigate the beneficial effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on the neuronal survival and axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve (ON) transection.

Method: The experimental rats received daily BCAA injections through the caudal vein after left intra-orbital ON transection. Neuroprotection was evaluated by counting Fluorogold-labeled RGCs.

Urinary metabonomics of rats with ketamine-induced cystitis using GC-MS spectroscopy.

Ketamine abuse has dramatically increased in recently years. With the widely application of ketamine, its side effects, especially cystitis induced by long-term use, have attracted more and more attention from the public. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential generative mechanism of ketamine-induced cystitis by determining the endogenous metabolites at different time points after ketamine treatment.

[Reversal effect and its mechanism of (- )-5-N-acetylardeemin on adriamycin resistance in multidrug-resistant cancer cells A549/Adr and MCF-7/Adr].

Objective: To explore the reversal effect of (- )-5-N-acetylardeemin on adriamycin resistance in multidrug-resistant cancer cells including human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr and human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549/Adr in vitro.

Methods: The multidrug-resistant cancer cells MCF-7/Adr, A549/Adr and their respective parental cells were treated with different concentrations of (- )-5-N-acetylardeemin and adriamycin individually or in combination. Cell death was detected based on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using a cytotoxicity detection kit.

[Relationship among ALDH2 gene polymorphism, alcohol metabolism and acetaldehyde level in peripheral blood].

Objective: To explore alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as acetaldehyde level in peripheral blood in human subjects with different ALDH2 genotypes after drinking.

Methods: Venous blood samples of 14 unrelated volunteers were collected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology was adopted for DNA extraction and ALDH2 genotyping.

[Recombinant soluble CD40 ligand enhances Wogonin-induced antitumor activity].

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant soluble CD40 ligand (rsCD40L) on Wogonin mediated antitumor activity in cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Cell death was detected based on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using a cytotoxicity detection kit. For morphological study of cell death, cells were stained with 50 microg/mL of acridine orange and 50 microg/mL of ethidium bromide and observed and photographed under a fluorescence microscope.

[Determination of cinobufagin and resibufogenin in liver tissue by HPLC-MS/MS].

Objective: To develop a sensitive and accurate assay for detecting cinobufagin and resibufogenin in liver tissue using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Methods: The homogenization of liver tissue with internal standard dexamethasone was extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts with methanol were purified through ProElut C18 solid phase extraction and tested in positive electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring of HPLC-MS/MS.

[Determination of unknown impurities in cefotiam hexetil by HPLC-MS/MS].

Objective: To detect unknown impurities in raw drug material of cefotiam hexetil.

Methods: High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed for the determination of impurities in cefotiam hexetil. Agilent SB-C18 column (150 mm x 2.

[LC-MS/MS analysis of determination of strychnine and brucine in formaldehyde fixed tissue].

Objective: To establish a method for determination of strychnine and brucine in formaldehyde fixed tissue by LC-MS/MS analysis.

Methods: The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction using SCX cartridges and separated on SB-C18 column with mobile phase 0.1% formic acid : 0.

[Effect of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-dimethylamino-ethylaminogeldanamycin on TNfalpha-mediated apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation].

Objective: To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-dimethylaminoethylaminogeldanamycin (17DMAG) on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) mediated apopotosis in cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Cell death treated with different concentration of 17DMAG and TNFalpha was detected based on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using a cytotoxicity detection kit. For morphological study of cell death, cells were stained with 50 microg/mL of acridine orange and 50 microg/mL of ethidium bromide and observed and photographed under a fluorescence microscope.

Absence of association between CD86 +1057G/A polymorphism and coronary artery disease.

CD86, one of the key costimulatory molecules, is not only involved in the initiation of T-cell immunity but also plays important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the CD86 polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese population. We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphism of CD86 +1057G/A (rs1129055) in 164 patients with CAD and 299 healthy controls by performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing assay.

[Analysis of multiple cephalosporins in blood and urine by HPLC].

Objective: To establish a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining the concentration of cefazolin, cefradine, cefoperazone and cefotaxime in blood and urine, as well as to investigate its applicability.

Methods: Protein in blood and urine was precipitated directly by acetonitrile with acetanilide was used as the internal standard using Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm).

[Analysis of paraquat in blood and urine by sodium borohydride/nickel chloride chemical reduction-gas chromatography/thermionic specific detector].

Objective: To establish a new method for the analysis of paraquat in blood and urine by sodium borohydride/nickel chloride chemical reduction-gas chromatography/thermionic specific detector.

Methods: An initial procedure of precipitation was performed by adding hydrochloric solution with sodium chloride and a mixture of chloroform and ethanol. Then the analyte contained in supernatant was reduced by a reduction system of sodium borohydride and nickel chloride and extracted by acetic ether.

[Determination of ketamine and norketamine in blood and urine by high performance liquid chromatography].

Objective: To develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ketamine and norketamine in blood and urine.

Methods: The compounds were extracted from blood or urine by liquid-liquid extraction using toluene after blood or urine was adjusted pH to 14. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC.

[Detecting methamphetamine and amphetamine with high performance liquid chromatography].

Objective: To establish a method for detecting methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AMP) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Methods: Both MA and AMP were isolated on a C18 column and methanol-phosphate buffer (0.015 mol/L NaH2PO4) at a flow rate of 1.

[Comparison of the contents of ATP, ADP, and AMP in the cardiac muscle of rat killed by different manners].

Objective: The content changes of energy substances in the cardiac muscle of rat killed by different manners were investigated to elucidate evidence that can be used to determine the modes of death and postmortem interval.

Methods: One hundred and eighty rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups and killed by bleeding, suffocating, and neck breaking, respectively. The contents of ATP, ADP, and AMP in the cardiac muscle of rats killed by the different manners at different death intervals (0, 0.

[Detection of pentachlorophenol in biomaterial using HPLC].

Objective: To develop a method of detecting pentachlorophenol in biomaterial.

Methods: The samples were extracted by ether, and the characters of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were studied.

Results: A method for the detection of pentachlorophenol in fish tissue samples was set up with the conditions of chromatography as follows: the compounds are separated on Hypersil ODS column(4.

[A study on the effect of methanal during determination of carbon monoxide in blood].

Objective: To confirm whether formaldehyde disturb detecting carbon monoxide in blood. To give an evidence that can be used for detecting carboxyhemoglobin more accurately in carbon monoxide posioning appraises.

Methods: Blood samples came from carbon monoxide poisoning and the health were collected.

[The research of the heroin and its metabolites analysis in clinical samples].

Heroin can be metabolized easily in body and the mail metabolites are 6-MAM, morphine and so on. At present, there are urine, blood, hair and so on as specimens for detection, while the analytical technology conclude TLC, GC, HPLC, GC/MS, LC/MS, IA, CE etc. In this paper, these technologies used for heroin's metabolites were viewed in order to provide some reference to the study in relative field.