Mapping and ablation of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left ventricular summit.

The left ventricular summit (LVS) refers to the highest portion of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It is an epicardially delimited triangular area by the left coronary arteries and the coronary venous circulation. Its deep myocardium correlates closely with the left coronary cusp, aortic-mitral continuity, and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), complicating the anatomical relationship.

Mechanisms of Improvement of Left Ventricular Function by Intracoronary Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion in Very Old Patients with Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion.

We have evaluated the safety and efficacy of intracoronary human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) treatment for very old patients with coronary chronic total occlusion. hUCMSCs could improve in the degree of ischemic myocardium, decrease in the infarct size and rise in left ventricular ejection fraction, but the involved mechanisms remain to be fully identified. We analyzed levels of circulating leukocytes, highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNFR-2), NT-proBNP, BNP, angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (Ald) in patients with hUCMSC therapy at baseline, 12, and 24 months.

Safety and efficacy of intracoronary human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment for very old patients with coronary chronic total occlusion.

This study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of intracoronary injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell to the very old patients with coronary chronic total occlusion. 15 consecutive patients received mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord in epicardial coronary artery supplying collateral circulation. The patients were randomly allocated to low-dose 3x10(6), mid-dose 4x10(6) and high-dose 5x10(6) groups.