Observation of THz surface waves escaping from metal gratings through a dielectric substrate.

Extensive research has been conducted on generating THz waves using Smith-Purcell radiation, yet a portion of the electron bunch's interaction energy with the gratings is confined to the metal gratings' surface, leading to a low THz radiation power. This paper experimentally demonstrates that metal gratings with a dielectric substrate can emit the resonant modes in surface waves when excited by relativistic femtosecond electron bunches. The observed spectra of the resonant THz waves align well with the theoretical estimations derived from the configuration's dispersion relation and 3D simulations.

Complex anisotropy ratio of third harmonic generation in a semiconductor using a terahertz free electron laser.

The nonlinear susceptibility in the terahertz region is expected to have a non-negligible imaginary part originating from the momentum-dependent scattering time of free carriers, but it has been scarcely reported. By utilizing an intense 4 THz beam from a terahertz free electron laser, we investigated the azimuth angle dependence of the third harmonic generation (THG) from semiconductors. The observed angular anisotropy of THG revealed the contribution of the imaginary part of the nonlinear susceptibility originating from the momentum-scattering time relation in addition to its real part originating from the band nonparabolicity.

Exploring the inverse relationship between serum total bilirubin and systemic immune-inflammation index: insights from NHANES data (2009-2018).

Background: Bilirubin is known for its multifaceted attributes, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a recent marker that reflects the balance between inflammation and immune response. Despite the wealth of information available on bilirubin's diverse functionalities, the potential correlation between the total bilirubin (TB) levels and SII has not been investigated so far.

Post-translational modifications and immune responses in liver cancer.

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent attachment of functional groups to protein substrates, resulting in structural and functional changes. PTMs not only regulate the development and progression of liver cancer, but also play a crucial role in the immune response against cancer. Cancer immunity encompasses the combined efforts of innate and adaptive immune surveillance against tumor antigens, tumor cells, and tumorigenic microenvironments.

Breast Tumor Classification using Short-ResNet with Pixel-based Tumor Probability Map in Ultrasound Images.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and is still the second leading cause of death for women in the world. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer can reduce mortality rates. Breast ultrasound is always used to detect and diagnose breast cancer.

Ultrasonographical Evaluation of the Median Nerve Mobility in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diagnostic ultrasound is widely used for evaluating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), an entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve (MN). Decreased mobility of the MN inside the carpal tunnel has been reported in CTS, and various methods have been used to evaluate MN mobility; however, there is still no conclusive understanding of its connection with CTS. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature on ultrasonographic evaluations of transverse and longitudinal MN displacement and to identify the relationship between MN mobility and CTS.

Infarct-preconditioning exosomes of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promoted vascular remodeling and neurological recovery after stroke in rats.

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in severe damage to the central nervous system and disrupting neurological functions. There is no effective therapy for promoting neurological recovery. Growing evidence suggests that the composition of exosomes from different microenvironments may benefit stroke.

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Brain Organoids.

Revealing the mechanisms of neural development and the pathogenesis of neural diseases are one of the most challenging missions in life science. Pluripotent stem cells derived brain organoids mimic the development, maturation, signal generation, and function of human brains, providing unique advantage for neurology. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and multielectrode array independently revealed the similarity between brain organoids and immature human brain at early developmental stages, in the context of gene transcription and dynamic network of neuronal signals.

3D printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds carrying the secretome of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated neurological dysfunction after spinal cord injury in rats.

Although implantation of biomaterials carrying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered as a promising strategy for ameliorating neural function after spinal cord injury (SCI), there are still some challenges including poor cell survival rate, tumorigenicity and ethics concerns. The performance of the secretome derived from MSCs was more stable, and its clinical transformation was more operable. Cytokine antibody array demonstrated that the secretome of MSCs contained 79 proteins among the 174 proteins analyzed.

Erratum to: Integrated printed BDNF/collagen/chitosan scaffolds with low temperature extrusion 3D printer accelerated neural regeneration after spinal cord injury.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab047.].

Multi-energy level fusion for nodal metastasis classification of primary lung tumor on dual energy CT using deep learning.

Lymph node metastasis also called nodal metastasis (Nmet), is a clinically primary task for physicians. The survival and recurrence of lung cancer are related to the Nmet staging from Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) reports. Furthermore, preoperative Nmet prediction is still a challenge for the patient in managing the surgical plan and making treatment decisions.

Coumaroyl and feruloyl flavonoid glycosides from the male flowers of L. and their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

Four flavonoid glycosides containing coumaroyl or feruloyl groups were isolated from the male flowers of L., and compounds and were identified as novel compounds. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were investigated by docking studies, assays and kinetic studies.

Organic Acids Improve Growth Performance with Potential Regulation of Redox Homeostasis, Immunity, and Microflora in Intestines of Weaned Piglets.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of organic acids on piglet growth performance and health status. A total of 360 weanling pigs (5.3 ± 0.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote neurological repair after traumatic brain injury through regulating Treg/Th17 balance.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a brain injury resulting from blunt mechanical external forces, which is a crucial public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. TBI is one of the leading causes of death or disability. The primary injury of TBI is generally irreversible.

Influence of temperature on sonographic images of the median nerve for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a case control study.

Background: In addition to nerve conduction studies (NCSs), ultrasonography has been widely used as an alternative tool for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Although the results of NCSs are influenced by local skin temperature, few studies have explored the effects of skin temperature on ultrasonography of the median nerve. Since swelling and intraneural blood flow of the median nerve might be influenced by local temperature changes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional area (CSA) and intraneural blood flow of the median nerve under three skin temperatures (30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C).

Integrated printed BDNF/collagen/chitosan scaffolds with low temperature extrusion 3D printer accelerated neural regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Recent studies have shown that 3D printed scaffolds integrated with growth factors can guide the growth of neurites and promote axon regeneration at the injury site. However, heat, organic solvents or cross-linking agents used in conventional 3D printing reduce the biological activity of growth factors. Low temperature 3D printing can incorporate growth factors into the scaffold and maintain their biological activity.

Dual energy CT image prediction on primary tumor of lung cancer for nodal metastasis using deep learning.

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) identification is the most clinically important tasks related to survival and recurrence from lung cancer. However, the preoperative prediction of nodal metastasis remains a challenge to determine surgical plans and pretreatment decisions in patients with cancers. We proposed a novel deep prediction method with a size-related damper block for nodal metastasis (Nmet) identification from the primary tumor in lung cancer generated by gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) dual-energy computer tomography (CT).

Effects of wrist extension on median nerve and flexor tendon excursions in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a case control study.

Background: Reduced gliding ability of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel has been observed in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gliding abilities of the median nerve and flexor tendon in patients with CTS and healthy participants in the neutral and 30° extended positions of the wrist and to compare the gliding between the finger flexion and extension phases.

Methods: Patients with CTS and healthy participants were consecutively recruited in a community hospital.

Research Progress on lncRNA Functions and Mechanisms in Pituitary Adenomas.

Despite being the most common human neuroendocrine tumor, the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is still unclear. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and has been shown to play a key role in the process of tumor instigation and development by affecting the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, lncRNAs may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of tumors.

Effects of deoxynivalenol on the porcine growth performance and intestinal microbiota and potential remediation by a modified HSCAS binder.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed either a control diet, or diet containing 1.0 or 3.

Yeast culture promotes the production of aged laying hens by improving intestinal digestive enzyme activities and the intestinal health status.

Yeast culture (YC) positively affects the performance of laying hens. The purpose of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism for the YC-mediated performance improvement. Sixty 67-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 2 experimental groups with 5 replicates of 6 birds each.

Photoprotection of maqui berry against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in vitro and in vivo.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and skin pigmentation cause pigmented spots, wrinkles, inflammation, and accelerated skin aging and cancer. Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) is a natural antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory food. We investigated the photoprotective properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of maqui berry ethanol extract (MEE) in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of deoxynivalenol on the porcine acquired immune response and potential remediation by a novel modified HSCAS adsorbent.

The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed a control diet or diet containing 1.0 or 3.