Elevated serum neurofilament light chain in children autism spectrum disorder: A case control study.

Objective: We aimed to assess serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to investigate whether they are related to the severity of disease.

Methods: The cohorts consisted of 166 children aged 3-8 (83 children diagnosed with ASD and 83 children with typically-developing). sNfL were analyzed using Single Molecule Array (Simoa) technology.

Hydrogen breath test to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a prevalence case-control study in autism.

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) by hydrogen breath test in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with respect to a consistent control group. From 2011 to 2013, 310 children with ASD and 1240 sex- and age-matched typical children were enrolled in this study to undergo glucose breath test. The study participants were considered to exhibit SIBO when an increase in H of ≥20 ppm or CH of ≥10 ppm with respect to the fasting value was observed up to 60 min after the ingestion of glucose.