Global Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Profiles of Summer Diapause Induction Stage of Onion Maggot, (Diptera: Anthomyiidae).

The onion maggot, , is a worldwide subterranean pest and can enter diapause during the summer and winter seasons. The molecular regulation of the ontogenesis transition remains largely unknown. Here we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify candidate genes and processes linked to summer diapause (SD) induction by comparing the transcriptome differences between the most sensitive larval developmental stage of SD and nondiapause (ND).

Identification and expression analysis of QM-like gene from Spodoptera litura after challenge by the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi.

A partial sequence of QM homologue was isolated from a Spodoptera litura fatbody suppression subtractive hybridization library. The full-length Spodoptera litura QM (SpLQM) cDNA of 838 bp contains a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 112 bp, a 3' UTR of 66 bp, and an open reading frame of 660 nucleotides coding for a 219 amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 25.5 kDa.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies by qRT-PCR in the blister beetle Mylabris cichorii.

The blister beetle Mylabris cichorii L. (Coleoptera: Meloidae) is a traditional medicinal insect recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It synthesizes cantharidin, which kills cancer cells efficiently.

RacA and Cdc42 regulate polarized growth and microsclerotium formation in the dimorphic fungus Nomuraea rileyi.

Small GTPases, RacA and Cdc42, act as molecular switches in fungi, regulating cell signaling, cytoskeletal organization, polar growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the latter by influencing the activity of the NADPH oxidase complex. In this study, the racA and cdc42 genes from Nomuraea rileyi were cloned and shown to encode 218 and 184 amino acid proteins, respectively. To determine the functions of racA and cdc42, gene-silencing mutants (racARM, cdc42RM and racA&cdc42RM, respectively) were generated using RNA silencing technology.

[High efficient expression and bio-activity assay of recombinant antibody for citrus bacterial canker disease].

Citrus bacterial canker disease caused by the gram negative bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (XAC) is a severe bacterial disease of most commercial citrus species and cultivars around the world. Single chain variable fragment (ScFv) is artificial construction small molecular antibody produced by genetic engineering which may be used to identify target pathogens and prevent plant diseases including XAC.

[Selection of differential DNA fragment of Tilletia controversa Kühn and establishment of molecular detection approach].

A reliable and simple polymerase chain reaction method for TCK pathogen was established firstly. A 1322bp unique fragment of TCK was amplified and identified by the technique of semi-specific random amplified polymorphism (RM-PCR). Two pairs of species-specific primers CQUK2/CQUK3 and CQUK4/CQUK5 were designed according to the unique fragment of TCK.

Role of hunchback in segment patterning of Locusta migratoria manilensis revealed by parental RNAi.

In long germ embryos, all body segments are specified simultaneously during the blastoderm stage. In contrast, in short germ embryos, only the anterior segments are specified during the blastoderm stage, leaving the rest of the body plan to be specified later. The striking embryological differences between short and long germ segmentation imply fundamental differences in patterning at the molecular level.

[Cloning and characterization of the neutral trehalase gene in Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa102].

The partial fragment of the neutral trehalase (NTL) in Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa102 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed according to the sequences of the NTL in GenBank. The amplified fragment was cloned and sequenced. Based on the known sequence of NTL gene, the 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were used to amplify the 5' and 3'regions of the NTL cDNA, then the whole cDNA sequence of NTL gene in M.