Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsules combined with standard of care in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (FLOSAN): protocol for a randomized, double-blind, international multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Effective anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are not only the next defense after vaccines but also the key part of establishing a multi-tiered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control system. Previous studies had indicated that Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsules could be an efficacious Chinese patent drug for treating mild to moderate COVID-19. However, pharmacoeconomic evaluations are lacking, and few trials have been conducted in other countries or regions to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW treatment.

Expert Consensus on Polymyxin Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Interpretation.

The polymyxins are important antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. In 2020, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute modified the clinical breakpoints for polymyxin susceptibility test by eliminating the "susceptible" interpretive category, only reporting intermediate (≤2 mg/L) and resistant (≥4 mg/L). However, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommended the use of clinical breakpoints of ≤2 mg/L as susceptible and >2 mg/L as resistant.

Macrolide-resistant prevalence and clinical aspects in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China: a prospective multicenter surveillance study.

Background: Drug resistant () is a rising issue in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Epidemiological monitoring is essential for identifying resistant patterns of MP isolates against various antibiotics in adult CAP patients.

Methods: This is a prospectively designed multicenter study conducted on adult patients with CAP visiting six teaching hospitals in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou between September 2010 and June 2012.

Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is an infectious disease with high morbidity in China and the rest of the world. With the changing pattern in the etiological profile of CAP and advances in medical techniques in diagnosis and treatment over time, Chinese Thoracic Society of Chinese Medical Association updated its CAP guideline in 2016 to address the standard management of CAP in Chinese adults. Extensive and comprehensive literature search was made to collect the data and evidence for experts to review and evaluate the level of evidence.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin: a guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society.

Background: Guideline development should be based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. Therefore, these factors were considered in the development of a new guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin.

Objectives: To develop an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM and to promote standardized vancomycin TDM in clinical practice in China.

The accuracy of presepsin (sCD14-ST) for the diagnosis of sepsis in adults: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of sepsis remains a challenge. Recently, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 subtype (sCD14-ST), also known as presepsin, has been identified as a potential biomarker of sepsis. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of presepsin for sepsis in patients with systemic inflammation.

[Survey of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Beijing, China].

Objective: To explore the tendency of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients in Beijing.

Methods: Adult CAP patients of ≥ 18 yrs were enrolled in 3 medical centers in Beijing , China. Throat swab samples were taken from all the patients to perform the culture of M.

Serum miR-122 levels are related to coagulation disorders in sepsis patients.

Background: Coagulation abnormalities may have a major impact on the outcome of sepsis in patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between miRNA levels and coagulation disorders during sepsis.

Methods: Blood samples from 123 sepsis patients were collected on the day of admission and another 45 sepsis patients on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 following admission to the intensive care unit.

Identification of four novel serum protein biomarkers in sepsis patients encoded by target genes of sepsis-related miRNAs.

The goal of the present study was to identify novel protein biomarkers from the target genes of six serum miRNAs that we identified previously in patients with sepsis. The target genes were predicted by bioinformatics analysis; the levels of the respective proteins in the sera of patients with sepsis were detected by ELISA. ACVR2A (activin A receptor, type IIA), FOXO1 (forkhead box O1), IHH (Indian hedgehog), STK4 (serine/threonine kinase 4) and DUSP3 (dual specificity phosphatase 3) were predicted to be the targets of the six miRNAs, and their encoded proteins were used for biomarker identification.

[Adult hospital acquired pneumonia: a multicenter study on microbiology and clinical characteristics of patients from 9 Chinese cities].

Objective: To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in China and to provide evidence for appropriate therapy.

Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter study in 13 Chinese urban tertiary hospitals. All HAP cases diagnosed at respiratory general ward and respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) from August 2008 to December 2010 were studied.

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with moxifloxacin: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. To investigate whether moxifloxacin monotherapy is associated with better clinical outcomes than other antibiotics recommended for CAP among adults with mild-to-moderate or severe CAP, we performed a meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs).

Caspofungin for prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections in adolescents and adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Caspofungin, a novel echinocandin compound, has been approved for the treatment of esophageal and suspected invasive candidiasis and as salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of caspofungin for the prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections, compared with other medications.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of caspofungin.

Gemifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB).

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing gemifloxacin with other approved antibiotics.

[A multicentre retrospective study of pulmonary mycosis clinically proven from 1998 to 2007].

Objective: To investigate the pathogens, clinical manifestations, prognosis of and the risk factors for pulmonary mycosis in China.

Methods: All cases of pulmonary mycosis from 16 centers in 10 cities from Jan. 1998 to Dec.

[The effect of spontaneous breathing trial on weaning from ventilators].

Objective: To investigate whether spontaneous breathing trial is an essential process during weaning from ventilator in critically cared patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: The study was performed with a prospective, randomized, double-blinded method. A total of 67 adult patients, mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h in SICU of a teaching hospital, were enrolled.

[Effects of vaporized perfluorocarbon therapy on seawater respiratory distress syndrome in rabbit models].

Objective: To investigate the effects of vaporized perfluorocarbon therapy on pulmonary gas exchange and lung compliance in seawater respiratory distress syndrome rabbit models.

Methods: After induction of seawater respiratory distress syndrome by means of intratracheal injection of seawater, 24 female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) CMV group (n = 8): Animals were ventilated with equal tidal volumes of 8 ml/kg during gas ventilation for 6 h. (2) PFC group (n = 8): For the first 2 h, animals received vaporized PFC with volumes of 6 - 7 mlxkg(-1)xh(-1), followed by gas ventilation for 4 h.