Ethyl chloride poisoning from inhalational misuse: clinical features and outcomes.

Introduction: Ethyl chloride misuse remains a prevailing concern due to its accessibility, but detailed descriptions of the features of toxicity are limited to sporadic reports, resulting in knowledge gaps in their clinical features and diagnosis.

Objective: To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients reported in the literature who developed toxicity from inhalational use of ethyl chloride.

Methods: We reviewed relevant literature over the past 50 years and analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with toxicity from the inhalational use of ethyl chloride.

Multifocal strokes and vision loss from PDLLA filler injections.

Background: Poly-D, L-lactic acid (PDLLA) is increasingly used as a commercial dermal filler due to its lasting cosmetic properties. Consequently, PDLLA-related vascular complications are increasingly recognized and described. Herein, we describe the first known occurrence of multifocal strokes from the use of PDLLA as a cosmetic dermal filler, and discuss the mechanisms facilitating PDLLA's entry into the intracranial arterial system.

Inherited chromosomally-integrated human herpes virus 6 confounding test results in a patient with myelitis and optic neuritis - A case report.

A case of the 'perfect storm' of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-mediated myelitis, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation, and COVID-19 infection was reported in 2021. This article reports a case of a similarly observed clinical triad, but with a different conclusion and explanation supported by laboratory test results and evidence from our literature review.

Painless nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy with complete recovery: a case report.

Background: Lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, also known as amyotrophy, is an uncommon monophasic disorder characterized by inflammation of the lumbosacral nerve roots and plexuses. Lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy is usually associated with diabetes mellitus, is typically painful at presentation, and often associated with long-term residual neurologic deficits. We report a case of painless, nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy in a young Chinese woman, who made a full recovery after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, adding an atypical case to the scarce literature on lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Southeast Asia - A single-centre, longitudinal study.

Aims: To describe the clinical features and outcomes of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) in Southeast Asian (SEA) patients.

Method: SEA patients diagnosed and treated for ANMDARE at Singapore General Hospital between January 2010 and June 2020 were included in this observational study, in which their clinical features and outcomes were retrospectively analysed.

Results: We studied 20 patients: 11 Chinese, 3 Tagalogs, 2 Malays, 2 Indians, 1 Eurasian and 1 Javanese.

COVID-19 and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy: Clinical features and outcomes.

Aim: This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy from COVID-19 infection, and provide guidance on their treatment and management.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and retrospective analysis on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy from COVID-19 reported in literature over the past three years.

Results: We analyzed a total of 11 cases; 9 identified in literature from January 2020 to September 2022, together with our two patients.

Capecitabine related neurotoxicity: Clinical and radiologic features.

Aim: To study the clinical and radiologic features of patients with capecitabine neurotoxicity.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis and systematic review on the clinical and radiologic characteristics of all patients with capecitabine neurotoxicity reported in literature between 2003 and 2020.

Results: 24 cases including our patient were retrospectively analysed, with their clinical and radiologic features summarized.

Orbital apex syndrome secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Clinical features and outcomes case report and systematic review.

Background: This study aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with orbital apex syndrome (OAS) as a complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and to identify factors associated with poor visual acuity outcomes.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with OAS secondary to HZO reported in the literature over 42 years (1978-2020).

Results: We analysed 21 cases, 20 of which were identified in the literature, together with our patient.

Cerebellar Stroke in a COVID-19 Infected Patient. a Case Report.

Background: Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 infected patients with stroke, who were often in the older age group, had a higher incidence of vascular risk factors, and more severe infection related respiratory symptoms. These observations provided little evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection is a potential causative factor for stroke. This report describes a young patient with a cerebellar stroke secondary to COVID-19 infection.

Isolated Infarctions of the Conus Medullaris: Clinical Features and Outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with isolated infarctions of the conus medullaris, and to identify factors associated with poor functional outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and retrospective analysis on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with isolated conus medullaris infarctions reported in literature over the past 30 years.

Results: We analyzed a total of 19 cases; 18 identified in literature from January 1991 to June 2021, together with our patient.

Sulcal artery syndrome: A Three-patient series and review of literature.

Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with sulcal artery syndrome, and between those with vertebral artery dissection against those without.

Methods: We report three cases of sulcal artery syndrome without vertebral artery dissection, performed a systematic review and retrospective analysis of the characteristics of patients with sulcal artery syndrome in available literature, and compared the clinical features of those with vertebral artery dissection against those without.

Results: We report 3 patients with sulcal artery syndrome, and analysed them with 17 other cases identified in literature between January 1990 till April 2020.

Recurrent ipsilateral hemiparesis in a patient with both uncrossed corticospinal tracts and reorganization of cortical motor areas - An opportune visitation of the motor tracts.

We report the case of a patient who experienced recurrent ipsilateral hemiparesis in the setting of predominantly-uncrossed corticospinal tracts, with concomitant neuronal reorganization of the cortical motor maps, and the presence of aberrant interhemispheric connections. Their presence was supported by our results from diffusion tensor imaging tractography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. To our knowledge, this has never been reported before, and provides valuable insights into the mechanisms behind post-stroke motor recovery.

Stroke Patients Without COVID-19 Symptoms: Is There a Need to Screen?

Introduction: COVID-19 patients who present with strokes but without typical COVID-19 symptoms have been described in small numbers. Despite the paucity of fever and respiratory symptoms, they remain capable of infecting others. The patient we discuss herein highlights the important issues of strokes as presenting events of COVID-19 infections, and how testing for COVID-19 in stroke patients, even when asymptomatic for COVID-19, can play an important role in infection control, clinical management and outcomes amidst this global pandemic.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - Characteristic MRI Features.

We present the case of 24-year-old woman who presented with chronic headaches with features of raised intracranial pressure and bilateral papilledema. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed the characteristic features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A diagnosis supported by clinical features and other ancillary tests.