Aggravation of Reflux Finding Score (RFS) after thyroidectomy.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been suggested as a possible cause of post-thyroidectomy syndrome. However, the pathophysiology and relationship between thyroidectomy and LPR have not been well investigated. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between thyroidectomy and LPR by assessing changes in LPR-related symptoms and laryngoscopic findings before and after thyroidectomy.

Sensory change in the chin and neck after transoral thyroidectomy: Prospective study of mental nerve injury.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the sensory changes on the chin and neck in transoral thyroidectomy.

Methods: We prospectively assessed the cutaneous sensation of 10 zones of the chin, face, and neck in 43 patients who underwent transoral robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months.

Results: The sensation of the chin and lower lip did not differ before and after surgery.

Synergistic interaction between prolonged increased glycemic exposure and mildly increased urinary albumin excretion on diabetic retinopathy.

The association of mild increase in urinary albumin excretion with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in clinical studies is controversial. The aim of this study is to clarify the interaction between increased glycemic exposure and mild increase in urinary albumin excretion on risk of DR.Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2012.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as a treatment for diabetic neuropathy in rat.

Effective treatment of diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains unsolved. We serendipitously observed dramatic relief of pain in several patients with painful DN receiving granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The aim of this study was to determine if G-CSF could treat DN in an animal model and to ascertain its mechanism of action.

Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Presenting with Gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast caused by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. Determining the various causes of gynecomastia such as physiological causes, drugs, systemic diseases, and endocrine disorders is important. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare endocrine disorder presenting with gynecomastia and is a disorder of male sexual differentiation caused by mutations within the androgen receptor gene.

Relationship between hypoparathyroidism and the number of parathyroid glands preserved during thyroidectomy.

Background: The relationship between the number of parathyroid glands preserved and hypoparathyroidism is not well understood. We sought to determine the number of parathyroid glands that need to be preserved to prevent hypoparathyroidism.

Methods: We analyzed 454 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

A case of acute suppurative thyroiditis with thyrotoxicosis in an elderly patient.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare condition, as the thyroid gland is relatively resistant to infection. Thyroid function tests are usually normal in AST. A few cases of AST associated with thyrotoxicosis have been reported in adults.

Safety and efficacy of modern insulin analogues.

Background: A1chieve® was a noninterventional study evaluating the clinical safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir, and insulin aspart.

Methods: Korean type 2 diabetes patients who have not been treated with the study insulin or have started it within 4 weeks before enrollment were eligible for the study. The patient selection and the choice of regimen were at the discretion of the physician.

Optimal surgical extent of lateral and central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma located in one lobe with clinical lateral lymph node metastasis.

Background: The indications and extent of cervical lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are still being debated. The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis in the lateral and central compartment and related factors and suggest the optimal extent of lateral and central neck dissection for PTC patients with clinical lateral lymph node metastasis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 72 patients with unilateral PTC who underwent therapeutic lateral neck dissections with concomitant total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection between January 2001 and December 2009.

Comparative study of robotic versus endoscopic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach.

Background: Robotic thyroidectomy and conventional endoscopic thyroidectomy have not been thoroughly compared. In this study, we compared the potential advantages of robotic versus endoscopic thyroidectomy.

Methods: We analyzed 218 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic (105 cases) or robotic (113 cases) thyroidectomy using a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or gasless unilateral axillary approach.

XRCC1 polymorphisms and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Korean sample.

Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) might contribute to individual susceptibility to different types of cancers. We analyzed the relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Korean sample. A hospital-based case-control study was performed in 111 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients and 100 normal control subjects.

Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with non-erosive reflux disease and erosive esophagitis in Korea.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. GERD can be divided into two groups, erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with erosive esophagitis to those with NERD.

Adhering to a t'ai chi program to improve glucose control and quality of life for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of adherence to a 6-month t'ai chi exercise program on glucose control, diabetic self-care activities, and quality of life among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Method: The data from a quasi-experimental study at multisite health-promotion centers in Korea with pretest and 3- and 6-month post-test measures were used. Ninety-nine (99) adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c 6.

Association between erosive esophagitis and visceral fat accumulation quantified by abdominal CT scan.

Background And Aims: There were no objective data presented about the association between erosive esophagitis and abdominal fat. We conducted this study to examine the association of abdominal fat and gastroesophageal reflux disease-related erosive esophagitis.

Methods: Between May 2004 and October 2005, a total of 100 erosive esophagitis patients diagnosed by upper endoscopy were evaluated in a prospective manner.

[Association between insulin, insulin resistance, and gallstone disease in Korean general population].

Background/aims: Diabetes is one of the risk factors of gallstone diseases. Many studies found a positive association between insulin and gallstones in individuals with diabetes. However, this association is unclear in non-diabetes.

[Gastroduodenal injury in patients with low-dose enteric coated aspirin treatment].

Background/aims: Low-dose aspirin therapy is widely used to prevent cardiovascular thrombotic events. However, the safety of low-dose aspirin therapy in the gastrointestinal tract is uncertain. Our aim was to evaluate endoscopic findings in patients taking low-dose aspirin.

[Interactions of unconjugated bilirubin with bile acid by rapid solvent partition].

Background/aims: Our previous studies of ionization and solubility of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) yielded inappropriately large differences between the two carboxylic pK'a values of UCB. These data, however, were not ideal due to crystal effects, matastability, impurities of the bilirubin, and imprecision of analyses at low UCB.

Methods: The sodium salt of taurocholate (TC) was purified and dissolved in water to 100 mM.