Epoxiconazole disturbed metabolic balance and gut microbiota homeostasis in juvenile zebrafish.

Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a broad-spectrum fungicide extensively used in agricultural pest control. Emerging evidence suggests that EPX can adversely affect different endpoints in non-target organisms. Here, the toxicity of EPX was assessed using earlier developmental stage of zebrafish as a model to investigate its effects on metabolism and intestinal microbiota after 21 days of exposure.

Epoxiconazole altered hepatic metabolism in adult zebrafish based on transcriptomic analysis.

Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a triazole fungicide, which has been widely used in pest control of cereal crops. However, its extensive use has led to concerning levels of residue in water bodies, posing substantial risks to aquatic life. In this study, we characterized the toxicological effects of EPX on 6-month-old male and female zebrafish at 70 and 700 μg/L, respectively.

Toxicologic effect and transcriptome analysis for sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim, prochloraz, and their combination on the liver of mice.

Carbendazim (CBZ) and prochloraz (PCZ) are broad-spectrum fungicides used in agricultural peat control. Both fungicides leave large amounts of residues in fruits and are toxic to non-target organisms. However, the combined toxicity of the fungicides to non-target organisms is still unknown.

Oral Exposure to Epoxiconazole Disturbed the Gut Micro-Environment and Metabolic Profiling in Male Mice.

Epoxiconazole (EPX), a triazole fungicide, is widely used in agriculture to control pests and diseases. High residual and occupational exposure to EPX increases health risks, and evidence of potential harm to mammals remains to be added. In the present study, 6-week-old male mice were exposed to 10 and 50 mg/kg bw EPX for 28 days.

Antimicrobial and the Resistances in the Environment: Ecological and Health Risks, Influencing Factors, and Mitigation Strategies.

Antimicrobial contamination and antimicrobial resistance have become global environmental and health problems. A large number of antimicrobials are used in medical and animal husbandry, leading to the continuous release of residual antimicrobials into the environment. It not only causes ecological harm, but also promotes the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Maternal procymidone exposure has lasting effects on murine gut-liver axis and glucolipid metabolism in offspring.

There is increasing evidence that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants can cause intestinal and metabolic diseases, and these disease risks still exist in offspring. Here, female C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with procymidone (PRO) (10 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day) by dietary supplementation during the gestation and lactation periods. Then, we discovered PRO changed the physiology, intestinal barrier and metabolism both in the generations of F and different developmental stages of F (7 weeks and 30 weeks old, respectively).

Bromuconazole exposure induces cardiotoxicity and lipid transport disorder in larval zebrafish.

Bromuconazole (BRO), as one of the typical triazole fungicides, has not been reported on its effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used as experimental objects to evaluate the toxicity of BRO. In the acute embryo toxicity test, it was observed that the heart rate and growing development were affected by BRO in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-lethal concentration (LC50) of BRO at 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) was about 11.

Transgenerational effects of co-exposure to cadmium and carbofuran on zebrafish based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses.

The combined toxicity of heavy metals and pesticides to aquatic organisms is still largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the combined impacts of cadmium (Cd) and carbofuran (CAR) on female zebrafish (F0 generation) and their following F1 generation. Results showed that mixtures of Cd and CAR induced acute synergistic effects on both zebrafish adults of the F0 generation and embryos of the F1 generation.

Transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis revealed the toxic effects of prochloraz on larval zebrafish.

Prochloraz (PCZ), an imidazole fungicide, has been extensively used in horticulture and agriculture to protect against pests and diseases. To investigate the potential toxicity of PCZ on aquatic organisms, larval zebrafish, as a model, were exposed to a series of concentrations (0, 20, 100, and 500 μg/L) of PCZ for 7 days. With transcriptomic analysis, we found that exposure to high dose PCZ could produce 76 downregulated and 345 upregulated differential expression genes (DEGs).

Propamocarb exposure has the potential to accelerate the formation of atherosclerosis in both WT and ApoE mice accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Propamocarb is a systemic carbamate fungicide used to fight diseases. The effect of propamocarb on the formation of atherosclerosis was evaluated in wild-type (WT) and ApoE knockout (ApoE) mice. C57BL/6 J WT mice were fed control diet or high-fat diet (HFD) with 20 mg/L propamocarb in drinking water for 24 weeks.

Insights into the effects of difenoconazole on the livers in male mice at the biochemical and transcriptomic levels.

Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, that is extensively used in agriculture. Studies have shown that residues of DFZ and other fungicides have toxic effects on nontarget organisms. However, its hepatoxicity in mammals remains unclear.

Maternal exposure to sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate during pregnancy and lactation disrupts intestinal barrier and may cause obstacles to the nutrient transport and metabolism in F0 and F1 generations of mice.

Sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a novel kind of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compound, has been widely detected in the environment. The toxicity of OBS to living organisms has become a public concern. A growing body of research showed that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants caused intestinal and metabolic diseases that could be conserved across offspring.

Embryonic toxicity of epoxiconazole exposure to the early life stage of zebrafish.

Epoxiconazole (EPX), as a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, is widely used in agriculture to resist pests and diseases, while it may have potential toxicity to non-target organisms. In the present study, early developmental stage zebrafish were used as the subject organisms to assess the toxicity of EPX, and the possible mechanism of toxicity was also discussed by biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. Through embryo toxicity test, we had made it clear that the 96 h LC of embryo was 7.

Microplastic: A potential threat to human and animal health by interfering with the intestinal barrier function and changing the intestinal microenvironment.

Plastics are widely used in many fields due to their stable physical and chemical properties, and their global production and usage increase significantly every year, which leads to the accumulation of microplastics in the entire ecosystem. Numerous studies have shown that microplastics (MPs) have harmful effects on living organisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive conclusion of the current knowledge of the impacts of MPs on the stability of the gut microenvironment, especially on the gut barrier.

Combined hepatotoxicity of imidacloprid and microplastics in adult zebrafish: Endpoints at gene transcription.

Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides are two kinds of ubiquitous pollutants that can pose a health risk to aquatic organisms. However, researches about the combined effects of MPs and pesticides are very limited. A simple combined exposure model was established in this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 100 μg/L imidacloprid (IMI), 20 μg/L polystyrene microplastics (PS), and a combination of PS and IMI (PS + IMI) for 21 days.

[Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri].

Using immunohischemical method, we have localized for the first time in the amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like and beta-endorphin (beta-Ep)-like immunoreactivity in nervous system and Hatschek's pit. NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) perikarya appeared in the front and middle areas of the telencephalon and midbrain, as well as in the hindbrain. Dense plexuses of NPY-ir fibers coursed with NPY-ir neurons and formed fine networks.

[Localization of the estrogen receptor alpha and beta-subtype in the nervous system, Hatschek's pit and gonads of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri].

Immunocytochemical localization were investigated in the nervous system, wheel organ, Hatschek's pit and gonads of amphioxus using polyclonal antibodies against estrogen receptor-alpha and beta. The results revealed that ER-alpha and beta protein distributed in the above regions in larvae and adult at different developmental stages of both sexes. A major ER-alpha were expressed within nucleus of nerve cells, a few expressed in the cytoplasm and process as well as fiber of nerve cells in the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and nerve tube, while ER-beta were detected in the cytoplasm or on the cellular membrane, a few were within nucleus.