Prediction of blood pressure changes associated with abdominal pressure changes during robotic laparoscopic low abdominal surgery using deep learning.

Background: Intraoperative hypertension and blood pressure (BP) fluctuation are known to be associated with negative patient outcomes. During robotic lower abdominal surgery, the patient's abdominal cavity is filled with CO2, and the patient's head is steeply positioned toward the floor (Trendelenburg position). Pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position together with physiological alterations during anesthesia, interfere with predicting BP changes.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the antitumor activity of magnolol in colorectal cancer cells.

Abnormal activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and up-regulation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) response to transcriptional signaling play a critical role early in colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is considered an attractive target for cancer chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. Small molecules derived from the natural products were used in our cell-based reporter gene assay to identify potential inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Antimetastatic activity of pinosylvin, a natural stilbenoid, is associated with the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases.

Metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. Our previous studies showed that pinosylvin, a naturally occurring trans-stilbenoid mainly found in Pinus species, exhibited a potential cancer chemopreventive activity and also inhibited the growth of various human cancer cell lines via the regulation of cell cycle progression. In this study, we further evaluated the potential antimetastatic activity of pinosylvin in in vitro and in vivo models.

Cytotoxic and antineoplastic activity of timosaponin A-III for human colon cancer cells.

The potential antitumor activity of timosaponin A-III (1), a steroidal saponin from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, was investigated in human colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells both in cell culture and in an in vivo murine xenograft model. Compound 1 inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells with cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phase by 1 was correlated with the down-regulation of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and c-Myc.

Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid, induces apoptosis and growth arrest in HCT116 human colon cancer cells.

Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. In our previous studies, xanthorrhizol suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, inhibited cancer cell growth, and exerted an anti-metastatic effect in an animal model. However, the exact mechanisms for its inhibitory effects against cancer cell growth have not yet been fully elucidated.

Discovery of a new template for anticancer agents: 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-selenoarabinofuranosyl-cytosine (2'-F-4'-seleno-ara-C).

The first synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-selenoarabinofuranosyl pyrimidines as potent anticancer agents was accomplished using the DAST fluorination as a key step. It was first revealed that selenium atom participated in the DAST fluorination of 4'-selenonucleosides and that conformational bias induced by bulky selenium acted as a decisive factor in the DAST fluorination. Among compounds tested, 2'-F-4'-seleno-ara-C (4a) exhibited highly potent anticancer activity in all cancer cell lines tested and was more potent than ara-C (1).

Down-regulation of c-Src/EGFR-mediated signaling activation is involved in the honokiol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Honokiol is a naturally occurring neolignan abundant in Magnoliae Cortex and has showed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in a wide range of human cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms on the anti-proliferative activity in cancer cells have been poorly elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the growth inhibitory activity of honokiol in cultured estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by thio-Cl-IB-MECA, a novel A3 adenosine receptor agonist, in human lung cancer cells.

Human A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonists showed the anti-tumor activity in various in vitro and in vivo studies. The present study investigates the anti-proliferative effect of a novel adenosine analog 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-4'-thioadenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (thio-Cl-IB-MECA) in A549 human lung cancer cells. Thio-Cl-IB-MECA induced arrest of cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase at lower concentrations (up to 20 microM) and apoptotic cell death at a higher concentration (80 microM), which were manifested by down-regulation of cyclin D1, c-myc, and CDK4, activation of caspase-3 and -9, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

Antiproliferative effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis in human cancer cells.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis showed antiproliferative effects in various human cancer cells. The methoxy groups at C-3, C-4, C-3', and C-4', the hydroxyl group at C-8', and the stereo-configuration of the biphenyl ring and the angeloyl group might have influence on these activities. Additional studies indicate that one of mechanism of action of an active compound schizantherin C in A549 human lung cancer cells was related to the inhibition of cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase.

Prenylated flavonoids from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.

A new prenylated chalcone, 3' ',3' '-dimethylpyrano[3',4']2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone (1), was isolated from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis. Two flavonoid derivatives, (-)-cycloartocarpin (9) and (-)-cudraflavone A (10), were isolated as new isomers. In addition, eight known flavonoids, isobacachalcone (2), morachalcone A (3), gemichalcones B (4) and C (5), artocarpin (6), cudraflavone C (7), licoflavone C (8), and (2S)-euchrenone a(7) (11), were isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.