Renal ultrasound and DMSA screening for high-grade vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Selection of the appropriate radiologic investigation in a child after first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) remains a contentious issue. This report investigated the effectiveness of renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) and late 6 month dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan in the detection of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after first febrile UTI in infants aged <1 year.

Methods: A total of 387 infants aged <1 year with first febrile UTI who completed diagnostic follow up consisting of RBUS, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and late 6 month DMSA scan were enrolled in the study.

A randomised, double-blind study of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in children.

Background: Chronic constipation is frequent in children. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 and lactulose for the treatment of chronic constipation in young children.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind study enrolled 88 young children aged 12 to 36 months, who were randomly assigned to receive lactulose (3.

Tolerance, safety, and effect on the faecal microbiota of an enteral formula supplemented with pre- and probiotics in critically ill children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the tolerance and safety of an enteral formula containing prebiotics/probiotics, and its effect on the faecal microbiota in critically ill children.

Subjects And Methods: Ninety-four patients between 1 and 3 years old under mechanical ventilation requiring enteral feeding were randomised to receive either a test formula containing a synbiotic blend (composed of 2 probiotic strains [Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 and Bifidobacterium longum NCC 3001], fructooligosaccharides [FOS], inulin, and Acacia gum), or a control formula. Patients remained in the intensive care unit for 7 days and were examined at day 14.

Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of a lactose-free and a lactose-containing formula in dietary management of acute childhood diarrhea.

Background: Refeeding of artificially fed infants with lactose-containing formula after oral rehydration therapy in the treatment of acute diarrhea was concluded to be indifferent to non-lactose formula by a meta-analysis. In Thai as well as Asian infants and children with low lactase level from genetically determinant and with rotavirus infection, lactose malabsorption is most likely to occur and cause delayed recovery. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a lactose-free and a lactose-containing formula in dietary management of acute childhood diarrhea.