Feasibility and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy without Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Objectives: This retrospective study explored the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) without radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: Patients with clinical stage of T3-T4 and/or N-positive LARC patients were included. We retrospectively analyzed patients' NAC-related and perioperative outcomes.

[Two Cases of Locally Advanced Lower Rectal Cancer with Pathological Complete Response after Cetuximab plus SOX as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy].

We have introduced neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for locally advanced lower rectal cancer(LARC)since 2014. We report 2 LARC cases in which a pathological complete response(pCR)was obtained by using cetuximab(Cmab)plus oxaliplatin plus S-1(SOX)for NAC. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman underwent 4 courses of Cmab plus SOX for Rb rectal cancer (well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, cStage Ⅲc: cT4b[vagina]N3M0).

[Laparoscopic Total Pelvic Exenteration of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Invading Urogenital Organs].

Application of laparoscopic surgery(Lap)for colorectal cancer has expanded, and laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration (TPE)of locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)invading the urogenital organs has been introduced in some institutions. In our institute, we have performed Lap TPE and posterior-TPE(PPE)in a total of 6 LARC patients so far. Here, we report the surgical technique of Lap TPE, and the associated surgical and short-term outcomes.

Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic lateral pelvic node dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer.

Background: The laparoscopic magnified visual effects and evolution of the laparoscopic camera system have recently enabled us to observe details in the deep pelvic floor. Indications of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer have been expanded, and laparoscopic (Lap) lateral pelvic node dissection (LLND) has been introduced in some institutions. We investigated the feasibility of Lap LLND in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Elental® amino acid component has protective effects on primary cultured hepatocytes and a rat model of acute liver injury.

Amino acids can exert protective effects on the liver either when administered as a medication or following an operation. In this study, we examined the protective effects of amino acids on the liver using in vitro and in vivo models by studying their influence on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide production as a liver injury marker in cultured hepatocytes and liver-protective effects in d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-treated rats, respectively. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β in the presence or absence of Elental® amino acid component (EleAA; 17 amino acids).

Efficacy and safety of thromboembolism prophylaxis with fondaparinux in Japanese colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: A phase II study.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of fondaparinux (FPNX) for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LAC).

Methods: Patients scheduled for LAC received once-daily subcutaneous injections of FPNX 1.5-2.

Outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Japanese locally advanced rectal carcinoma patients.

Background: We investigated the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for Japanese locally advanced rectal carcinoma patients.

Methods: Fifty-seven patients diagnosed with cT3-4 or any cT/cN+ disease using enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging from 2002 to 2014 were enrolled. The male/female ratio was 42/15, and the median age was 67 years.

Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in the elderly: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and validity of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for elderly patients. We compared the short and long-term postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients aged ≥75 years (elderly patients; EP) and <75 years (relatively younger patients; RP).

Methods: Clinicopathological data and short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer were compared between the EP (n = 53) and RP groups (n = 155).

[A case study of advanced gastric cancer patient treated with S-1+paclitaxel/lentinan].

A 47 -year-old male presented with gastric cancer, with right cervical and para-aortic lymph node metastases. The patient had not undergone a curative operation, but was treated with immunochemotherapy in combination with S-1 60 mg/m2(2 weeks administration and 2 weeks rest), paclitaxel 60 mg/m²(day 1, 8, 15), and Lentinan 2mg/body(day 1, 8, 15). After 3 courses of this treatment, no hot-spots were identified on cervical and para-aorta lymph nodes by PET-CT examination.

[A case of interstitial pneumonitis induced by S-1].

S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, has been identified as an effective agent for the treatment of breast cancer. We present here a case of interstitial pneumonitis that occurred after S-1 treatment. A n 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage III infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast and underwent a modified radical mastectomy in November 2001, followed by six courses of paclitaxel.