High frequency of AND mutations in Japanese patients with adult-onset cerebral small vessel disease.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease (mgCSVD) among patients with adult-onset severe CSVD in Japan.

Methods: This study included patients with adult-onset severe CSVD with an age of onset ≤55 years (group 1) or >55 years and with a positive family history (group 2). After conducting conventional genetic tests for and , whole-exome sequencing was performed on undiagnosed patients.

Efficacy and safety of spot heating and ultrasound irradiation on in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis models.

The feasibility of transcranial sonothrombolysis has been demonstrated, although little is known about the relationships between thermal or mechanical mechanisms and thrombolytic outcomes. Therefore, the present study aims to reveal the effect and safety of temperature and ultrasound through in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis models. Artificial clots in microtubes were heated in a water bath or sonicated by ultrasound irradiation, and then clots weight decrease with rising temperature and sonication time was confirmed.

Bilateral Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor.

Introduction: Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder in adults. Bilateral symptoms are typical; however, bilateral thalamotomy for essential tremor is associated with a high probability of adverse events. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of staged bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy for refractory essential tremor using magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound.

4-Hydroxyl-2-Nonenal Localized Expression Pattern in Retrieved Clots is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients.

Objectives: The relationship between stroke etiology and clot pathology remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: We performed histological analysis of clots retrieved from 52 acute ischemic stroke patients using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (CD42b and oxidative/hypoxic stress markers). The correlations between clot composition and the stroke etiological group (i.

Neuroprotective effect of CuATSM in mice stroke model by ameliorating oxidative stress.

Cu-diacetyl-bis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (CuATSM) has both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, but its therapeutic efficacy for oxidative stress has not been thoroughly investigated in acute ischemic stroke. Here, the present study was designed to assess the efficacies of CuATSM in acute ischemic stroke by comparing with the standard neuroprotective reagent edaravone. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min, and then intravenously administrated with CuATSM (1.

Improvement of a decreased anti-oxidative activity by edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.

Background: The free radical scavenger edaravone is a proven neuroprotective drug for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of edaravone for oxidative stress and anti-oxidative activity in ALS patients.

Methods: Twenty-two ALS patients with a disease duration of 2 years, treated by edaravone, and 25 control participants were evaluated according to their clinical scores, including ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R), and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of oxidative stress dROM and anti-oxidative activity OXY.

Up-regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and sphingosine kinase 1 in the peri-ischemic area after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.

There is thought to be a strong relationship between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling and pathophysiolosy of cerebral ischemia. We examined the change of expression and distribution of S1P receptors (S1PRs) and sphingosine kinases (SphKs) after cerebral ischemia in male C57BL6/J mice using immunohistochemical analysis at 1, 5, 14, and 28 days after 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). S1PR1, 3, and 5 were transiently induced in the cells, which were morphologically similar to neurons in the peri-infarct lesion with a peak seen at 1 day after tMCAO (p < 0.

Different clinical and neuroimaging features of Japanese dementia siblings with a new N-terminal mutation (Val225Ala) of APP gene.

Autosomal dominant amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations in familial Alzheimer's disease accelerate the amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology. Here we describe Japanese siblings with a new N-terminal mutation (a heterogeneous c.674T>C, p.

A New Serum Biomarker Set to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease by Peptidome Technology.

Background: Because dementia is an emerging problem in the world, biochemical markers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radio-isotopic analyses are helpful for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although blood sample is more feasible and plausible than CSF or radiological biomarkers for screening potential AD, measurements of serum amyloid- β (Aβ), plasma tau, and serum antibodies for Aβ1 - 42 are not yet well established.

Objective: We aimed to identify a new serum biomarker to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in comparison to cognitively healthy control by a new peptidome technology.

Early Emergence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Cognitively Normal Subjects and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The world is rapidly aging and facing an increase in the number of dementia patients, so it is important to detect the preclinical stage of dementia in such countries. We examined both cognitive and affective functions among cognitively normal control (n = 218), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 146), and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 305) subjects using two evaluation tools for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) [Abe's BPSD score (ABS) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI)]. BPSD were present in 12.

Female dominant association of sarcopenia and physical frailty in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Associations of sarcopenia and physical frailty in cognitive and affective (depression, apathy, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia) functions of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were not fully evaluated previously, especially not for gender differences. 165 AD, 84 MCI, and 48 control participants (175 female, 122 male) were evaluated for cognitive, affective, activities of daily living (ADL), and physical functions associated with sarcopenia and physical frailty. In both sexes, cognitive and affective functions, ADL, and physical functions worsened in MCI and AD compared to control subjects.