Significance of Targeted Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Using Rectal-culture Selective Screening Media Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine whether antimicrobial prophylaxis based on screening rectal cultures using selective media prevented acute bacterial prostatitis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 403 patients undergoing TRPB with low risks of infectious complications. Patients were randomized into a cultured group (CG) or no cultured group (NCG).

Toll-like receptor 4 promotes bladder cancer progression upon S100A8/A9 binding, which requires TIRAP-mediated TPL2 activation.

Bladder cancer is an often widely disseminated and deadly cancer. To block the malignant outgrowth of bladder cancer, we must elucidate the molecular-level characteristics of not only bladder cancer cells but also their surrounding milieu. As part of this effort, we have long been studying extracellular S100A8/A9, which is elevated by the inflammation associated with certain cancers.

Medical uses for phenol in the urinary tract: A possible forgotten treatment (Review).

Phenol is a chemical compound that was first used medically as an antiseptic. At low concentrations, phenol exerts local anesthetic effects achieved through denervation; at high concentrations, it exerts a potent protein-denaturing effect that induces apoptosis. Phenol injection therapy has a long history of use in urology.

Feasible kidney donation with living marginal donors, including diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To compare the donor outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation between standard donors (SDs) and marginal donors (MDs) including diabetic patients (MD + DM).

Methods: MDs were defined according to Japanese guideline criteria: (a) age >70-years, (b) blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg on hypertension medicine, (c) body mass index >25 to ≤32 kg/m , (d) 24-h creatinine clearance ≥70 to <80 ml/min/1.73 m , and (e) hemoglobin A1c > 6.

ABO Blood Incompatibility Positively Affects Early Graft Function: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: We investigated the association between ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) kidney transplantation and early graft function.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 95 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation between May 2009 and July 2019. It included 61 ABO-compatible (ABO-C) and 34 ABO-I transplantations.

Evaluation of Neutrophil Dynamics Change by Protective Effect of Tadalafil After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Using In Vivo Real-time Imaging.

Background: Neutrophils play a major role in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. However, it has been difficult to observe changes in neutrophil dynamics over time in living mice kidney. We investigate neutrophil dynamics in IRI in living mice using novel in vivo multiphoton microscope imaging techniques and characterize the renoprotective effects of a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, tadalafil.

Successful deceased donor kidney transplantation to a recipient with a history of COVID-19 treatment.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old Asian male, who had undergone hemodialysis for >16 years, complained of a fever, dysgeusia and dysosmia, and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 PCR) and computed tomography (CT). Treatment was started with oral favipiravir and ciclesonide inhalation. On the 10th day of treatment, the patient had a persistent high fever and a chest CT showed exacerbation of pneumonia, so dexamethasone was intravenously started.

Photodynamic diagnostic ureteroscopy using the VISERA ELITE video system for diagnosis of upper-urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective cohort pilot study.

Background: The advantages of photodynamic diagnostic technology using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD) have been established. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the usefulness of ALA-PDD to diagnose upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) using the Olympus VISERA ELITE video system.

Methods: We carried out a prospective, interventional, non-randomized, non-contrast and open label cohort pilot study that involved patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy (URS) to detect UT-UC.

Impact of Sarcopenia on Erectile Function after Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: To determine the impact of sarcopenia on erectile functional outcomes after a nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using patient-reported validated questionnaires.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, RARP was performed on 841 patients at Okayama University Hospital, of which 132 underwent NS RARP. Erectile functional outcomes were assessed using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Comparison of inflammation-based prognostic scores as predictors of survival outcomes in patients with germ cell tumors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of pretreatment inflammation-based scoring systems in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) receiving bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 63 patients with GCTs retrospectively. The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic index, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) were measured in all patients before chemotherapy.

Combined Laparoscopic and CT Monitoring of the Ice-Ball Margin during Cryoablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Disease: First Case.

We report a 47-year-old Japanese female with 10 previous treatments for multiple bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The 14-mm right lower pole renal tumor was in contact with the right ureter. Laparoscopic cryoablation was performed to protect the ureter wrapped with gauze.

Low-dose rituximab induction therapy is effective in immunological high-risk renal transplantation without increasing cytomegalovirus infection.

Objectives: To analyze the effect and impact of low-dose rituximab induction therapy on cytomegalovirus infection in living-donor renal transplantation.

Methods: A total of 92 recipients undergoing living-donor renal transplantation at Okayama University Hospital from May 2009 to August 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Indications for preoperative rituximab (200 mg/body) were the following: (i) ABO major mismatch; (ii) ABO minor mismatch; (iii) donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody-positive; and (iv) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Long-term ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: 28-year single-centre experience.

Background: Long-term survival outcomes of patients who undergo endoscopic management of non-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma remain uncertain. The longest mean follow-up period in previous studies was 6.1 years.

Correlation between lumbar skeletal muscle size and urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: Urinary incontinence is a major concern after radical prostatectomy because it can decrease quality of life. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of preoperative skeletal muscle on urinary quality of life after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Methods: A total of 762 patients underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Factors predicting pathological upgrading after prostatectomy in patients with Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer based on opinion-matched biopsy specimens.

The present study investigated the concordance between Gleason scores assigned to prostate biopsy specimens by outside pathologists and a urological pathology expert, and determined the risk of upgrading between opinion-matched Gleason grade group (GGG) 1 biopsy specimens and radical prostatectomy specimens. Between January 2012 and May 2018, 733 patients underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients whose original biopsy specimens from outside hospitals were reviewed by a urological pathology expert Okayama University Hospital were included.

Quality of Life and Mental Satisfaction Improve Slowly in Preemptive Kidney Transplantation Compared With Nonpreemptive Kidney Transplantation.

Background And Aims: Preemptive kidney transplantation (PEKT) is recognized as the best therapy to avoid dialysis. However, it is not clear whether PEKT recipients experience an improvement in quality of life (QoL) after kidney transplantation (KT) that exceeds that of non-PEKT recipients, since PEKT recipients have not experienced the heavy burden of dialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in QoL for PEKT and non-PEKT recipients following transplantation.

Robotic Renal Autotransplantation: A Feasibility Study in a Porcine Model.

We investigated the feasibility of robotic renal autotransplantation (RAT) in a porcine model to reduce invasiveness of RAT. Five pigs underwent robotic RAT using the da Vinci® robotic system. A robotic left nephrectomy was performed in all cases.

Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Renal Allograft: First Case in Asia.

Nephron-sparing treatment should be offered whenever possible to avoid dialysis in allograph cases. Cryoablation is a new treatment option for treating small-sized renal cell cancer (RCCs). We report a case of RCC arising in a kidney allograft treated by cryoablation.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic bladder tumor with divergent behavior in a patient with spinal cord injury.

Introduction: An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder is rare. Some urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes may mimic an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old man with indwelling urinary catheters because of a spinal cord injury presented with gross hematuria.

Comparison of longitudinal health-related quality-of-life outcomes between anterior and posterior surgical approaches to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Increasingly, studies have explored health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Nevertheless, no study has compared differences between anterior and posterior surgical approaches. The aim of this study is to assess differences of HRQOL following these two surgical approaches.

Comparison of the predictive value among inflammation-based scoring systems for bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in patients with germ cell tumors.

Objective: To compare the predictive value of pretreatment inflammation-based scoring systems in patients with germ cell tumors receiving first-line bleomycin-based chemotherapy.

Methods: Retrospectively, we evaluated 57 patients with germ cell tumors. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity was defined as the presence of asymptomatic decline in pulmonary function tests, pulmonary symptoms or interstitial pneumonia on computed tomography in the absence of infection.

Critical role of the MCAM-ETV4 axis triggered by extracellular S100A8/A9 in breast cancer aggressiveness.

Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. The progression of this fatal disease is associated with inflammatory responses that promote cancer cell growth and dissemination, eventually leading to a reduction of overall survival. However, the mechanism(s) of the inflammation-boosted cancer progression remains unclear.