Reactive astrocytes contribute to epileptogenesis in patients with cavernous angioma.

Objective: Patients with cavernous angioma (CA) often suffer from severe epilepsy, and surgical resection is often performed to attenuate these epileptic seizures. Several studies have suggested that surgical removal of the surrounding hemosiderin-pigmented tissues adjacent to CA achieves better seizure control than restricted lesionectomy. Pathological examination of the resected foci reveals not only hemosiderin pigmentation but also various degrees of inflammatory change, such as hemosiderin-laden macrophages, gliosis and fibrosis.

Tacrolimus reduction with everolimus addition for calcineurin inhibitor-induced arteriolopathy in kidney allografts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus (TAC) reduction with everolimus (EVR) addition on the maintenance immunosuppression for the recipients with calcineurin inhibitor arteriolopathy (CNIA).

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 13 kidney allograft recipients who were found to have CNIA on protocol biopsy specimens. The time of intervention was 9-89 months.

Long-term histopathology of allografts in sensitized kidney recipients.

Successful desensitization therapy has brought satisfying short-term outcomes in the recipients with anti-donor antibody. We analyzed the long-term pathology of the allografts in the sensitized kidney recipients. Eleven stable recipients after desensitization against positive flow cytometry T-cell crossmatch (FTXM) were included.

Prolonged relaxant effects of vecuronium in patients with deliberate hypermagnesemia: time for caution in cesarean section.

We present two cases showing significantly prolonged action of vecuronium from magnesium treatment after general anesthesia for urgent cesarean section. The serum magnesium levels were maintained at a therapeutic range for severe eclampsia in one patient (5.6 mg.