Assessing microbial stability and predicting biogas production in full-scale thermophilic dry methane fermentation of municipal solid waste.

Compared to typical anaerobic digestion processes, little is known about both sludge microbial compositions and biogas production models for full-scale dry methane fermentation treating municipal solid waste (MSW). The anaerobic sludge composed of one major hydrogenotrophic methanogen (Methanoculleus) and syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria (e.g.

Bacterial Community Coexisting with White-Rot Fungi in Decayed Wood in Nature.

Lignin-decomposing ability of several bacteria and the degradation mechanism have been revealed in vitro. However, the abundance of such bacteria in decayed wood in nature remains unknown at genus and species levels. This study was aimed at identifying bacterial communities in the decayed wood coexisting with white-rot fungi, which play a potential role in lignin degradation, and predicting the functional profile of bacterial lignin degradation in wood via bacterial community analyses.

Identification and characterization of levulinyl-CoA synthetase from Pseudomonas citronellolis, which differs phylogenetically from LvaE of Pseudomonas putida.

Levulinic acid (LA) is a building block alternative to fermentable sugars derived from cellulosic biomass. Among LA catabolic processes in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, ligation of coenzyme A (CoA) to LA by levulinyl-CoA synthetase (LvaE) is known to be an initial enzymatic step in LA metabolism. To identify the genes involved in the first step of LA metabolism in Pseudomonas citronellolis LA18T, RNA-seq-based comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out for LA18T cells during growth on LA and pyruvic acid.

Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

Delignification is effective for improving the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials. We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana.

Heterologous expression of Trametes versicolor laccase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Laccase is used in various industrial fields, and it has been the subject of numerous studies. Trametes versicolor laccase has one of the highest redox potentials among the various forms of this enzyme. In this study, we optimized the expression of laccase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

regeneration and -mediated transformation of male- sterile marigold ( L.).

In this study, we devised a method for the regeneration and subsequent genetic transformation of male sterile marigold. To our knowledge, this is the first report of generation of transgenic plants with a single genotype of marigold via -mediated transformation. We obtained four transgenic lines from two independent experiments with 496 leaf explants, which were inoculated by an strain LBA4404 harboring the plasmid, pIG121-Hm.

Application of fungal laccase fused with cellulose-binding domain to develop low-lignin rice plants.

We observed a reduction of lignin content linked to the expression of fungal laccase in rice plants. The lignin content of L-4, which showed the highest LAC activity among transgenic lines produced, was lower than that of the control line. However, this change was not reflected to the saccharification efficiency.

Application of aqueous saponin on the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soil.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of aqueous saponin for the removal and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil. Dissolution test confirmed the ability of saponin to increase the apparent solubility of the tested 3-5 rings PAH above the critical micelle concentration (approximately 1000 mg/L). Microbial test with pure culture of Sphingomonas sp.

Nature of bioavailability of DNA-intercalated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Sphingomonas sp.

The nature of bioavailability of DNA-intercalated PAHs in aqueous solution was investigated. The degradability of different PAHs including anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene by Sphingomonas sp. was not inhibited even at a high DNA concentration of 2%.

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Sphingomonas sp. enhanced by water-extractable organic matter from manure compost.

The effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be inhibited by their low aqueous solubility and strong absorption to soil constituents. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from manure compost on the biodegradation of various PAHs. The aqueous solubilities of PAHs including phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene under different concentrations of WEOM from cow manure compost were initially evaluated.

Treatment of PAHs in contaminated soil by extraction with aqueous DNA followed by biodegradation with a pure culture of Sphingomonas sp.

The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) solution from contaminated soil washing was investigated. Initial data with a model effluent consisting of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene that were individually dissolved in 1% aqueous DNA solution confirmed their positive degradation by Sphingomonas sp. at around 10(8)CFU mL(-1) initial cell loading.

Influence of compost amendment on pyrene availability from artificially spiked soil to two subspecies of Cucurbita pepo.

The dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction of soil organic matter (SOM) may positively contribute to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioavailability. This work investigated the effects of DOM-rich and PAHs-free compost amendment on the plant uptake of pyrene. Two subspecies of Cucurbita pepo (ssp.

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by aqueous DNA solution.

An aqueous DNA solution was applied for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a spiked soil. Solubilities of 0.56, 11.

Transgenic tobacco expressing fungal laccase promotes the detoxification of environmental pollutants.

The phytoremediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants offers a low-cost method for removal of such pollutants. We have attempted to enhance the environmental decontamination functions of plants by introducing appropriate enzymatic activities from microorganisms. In the present study, we introduced an extracellular fungal enzyme, the laccase of Coriolus versicolor, into tobacco plants.

Overproduction of recombinant laccase using a homologous expression system in Coriolus versicolor.

One of the major extracellular enzymes of the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor is laccase, which is involved in the degradation of lignin. We constructed a homologous system for the expression of a gene for laccase III (cvl3) in C. versicolor, using a chimeric laccase gene driven by the promoter of a gene for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) from this fungus.

Structure of genes for Hsp30 from the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor and the increase of their expression by heat shock and exposure to a hazardous chemical.

We isolated and analysed two genomic DNAs that encode the heat-shock protein Hsp30 from Coriolus versicolor. The amino acid sequences substitute only three amino acid substitutions. The promoter regions contain the consensus heat-shock element, a xenobiotic-response element, a stress-response element, and a metal-response element.