Toward Safer Opioid Prescribing in HIV care (TOWER): a mixed-methods, cluster-randomized trial.

Background: The 2016 U.S. Centers for Disease Control Opioid Prescribing Guideline (CDC Guideline) is currently being revised amid concern that it may be harmful to people with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy (CP-LTOT).

What physicians need to implement safer opioid prescribing: A qualitative study.

Introduction: In response to the US opioid epidemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a guideline (CDCG) for prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Successful implementation of the CDCG requires identification of the information, skills, and support physicians need to carry out its recommendations. However, such data are currently lacking.

Tobacco control: recent movements in Japan.

Tobacco control in Japan has not kept pace with the rest of the global community in the past several decades. Although recent movements in Japan suggest that some changes will occur, most of the initiatives are still circumspect at best. The motivations driving most of these changes come from concern for morals about obeying the law and propriety of consideration for nonsmokers in public places, rather than for health.

Association between lifestyle-disease diagnosis or risk status and medical care costs in a Japanese corporation.

Purpose: This study examined the differences in medical care costs among (1) individuals who carried the diagnosis of selected lifestyle diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), (2) individuals whose levels of risks (blood glucose, blood pressure, and total cholesterol) satisfied the diagnosis guidelines yet who did not carry the diagnoses, (3) individuals who had these risks but whose risk levels were not high enough to satisfy the diagnosis guidelines, and (4) individuals without the risks.

Design: A one-time cross-sectional design was used. Health checkup data and medical-claims data obtained from the fiscal year 2000 were examined for correlations.

The association between health risks and medical expenditures in a Japanese corporation.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between health risks and medical care expenditures in an employer setting in Japan.

Design: A cross-sectional, correlational study.

Setting: A large Japanese corporation.

Relationships between behavioral risk factors and dental care costs in a Japanese worksite.

Purpose: To identify the magnitude of dental care costs and examine the relationship between behavioral risk factors and dental care costs in a Japanese corporation.

Design: A one-time cross-sectional design was used with each employee as a unit of analysis.

Setting: The setting was a large Japanese corporation where Japan's standard health care insurance, including dental care coverage, was provided for all employees.

[Identifying perceived needs among nurses in providing their patients with smoking cessation support in a Japanese hospital results from focus group interviews].

Objective: To identify perceived needs among nurses in providing their patients with smoking cessation support in a Japanese hospital.

Subjects: Thirty-three female nurses who were interested in providing their patients with smoking cessation support in the hospital setting participated in focus group interviews. They conducted six focus group interviews segmented by age, working conditions (e.