Reduction in TNF alpha and oxidative stress by liraglutide: Impact on ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and hyperlocomotion in rats.

Background: Diabetes and psychotic disorders are occasionally comorbid. Possible pathophysiologies linking these disorders include inflammation and oxidative stress. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists modulate glucose metabolism and may exert neuroprotective effects via central GLP-1 receptors.

Amisulpride alleviates chronic mild stress-induced cognitive deficits: Role of prefrontal cortex microglia and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Accumulating evidence indicates the role of microglial activation and sustained neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, a common feature associated with depressive disorders. It also indicates the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulation of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Amisulpride exhibits antidepressant and pro-cognitive activities in several clinical and experimental studies.

Tadalafil versus linaclotide in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressive behavior in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Intestinal GC-C/cGMP pathway may be involved in visceral hypersensitivity and fluid secretion in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The guanylcyclase C agonist linaclotide, approved for IBS- constipation, is contraindicated in children as it may cause severe diarrhea. In contrast, drugs increasing cGMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) are well tolerated in children with pulmonary hypertension.

Modulation of hippocampal TLR4/BDNF signal pathway using probiotics is a step closer towards treating cognitive impairment in NASH model.

Background And Aim: Disturbance of gut microbiota plays a role in induction and progression of non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the associated cognitive dysfunction. We supposed that high fat diet (HFD)-induced dysbiosis may lead to NASH/cognitive impairment co-morbidities through hippocampal TLR4/BDNF signaling pathway and the regaining of microbiota balance through probiotics could provide a therapeutic option.

Methodology: Four groups of male Wister rats were used; Naïve, Lactobacillus Plantarum EMCC-1039 (LP EMCC-1039), NASH and NASH+ LP EMCC-1039 groups.

Involvement of TLR4/ CXCL9/ PREX-2 pathway in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the promising role of early administration of lactobacillus plantarum in Wistar rats.

Background And Aim: Improvement of gut microbiota may help in preventing the progression of cirrhosis. We supposed that Lactobacillus Plantarum (L. Plantarum) protects the cirrhotic liver through suppression of TLR4/ CXCL9/ PREX-2.

Insights into hepatic and renal FXR/DDAH-1/eNOS pathway and its role in the potential benefit of rosuvastatin and silymarin in hepatic nephropathy.

Objectives: The repression of renal Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) had been shown to result from lack of bile acid production from cirrhotic liver. We hypothesized that silymarin and rosuvastatin (Rvs) could have a hepatorenal therapeutic effects in hepatic nephropathy through induction of FXR.

Methods: Forty two male Wistar rats were used; naïve (n = 12); six of them were sacrificed after 4 weeks and six continued till the end of the experiment.

The potential benefit of combined versus monotherapy of coenzyme Q10 and fluoxetine on depressive-like behaviors and intermediates coupled to Gsk-3β in rats.

As a part of the serotoninergic dysfunction implicated in neurobiology of depression, evidence has focused on serotonin (5-HT) receptors downstream signaling intermediates including glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our team previously reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) exerted antidepressant-like effect in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mid stress (CUMS) via elevating serotonin levels. However, the effect of CoQ10 has not been elucidated in downstream signaling molecules mediating 5HT receptors' effect involved in depressive disorder hitherto.

Targeting Oxidative Stress, Cytokines and Serotonin Interactions Via Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase by Coenzyme Q10: Role in Suppressing Depressive Like Behavior in Rats.

Depression is a major health problem in which oxidative stress and inflammation are inextricably connected in its pathophysiology. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important anti-oxidant compound with anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective properties. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that CoQ10 by its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials can alleviate depressive- like behavior by restoring the balance of the tryptophan catabolites kynurenine/serotonin toward the serotonin pathway by down-regulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1).