VPS45 is required for both diffuse and tip growth of cells.

Introduction: VPS45 belongs to the Sec1/Munc18 family of proteins, which interact with and regulate Qa-SNARE function during membrane fusion. We have shown previously that VPS45 interacts with the SYP61/SYP41/VTI12 SNARE complex, which locates on the -Golgi network (TGN). It is required for SYP41 stability, and it functions in cargo trafficking to the vacuole and in cell expansion.

Biological insights from multi-omics analysis strategies: Complex pleotropic effects associated with autophagy.

Research strategies that combine molecular data from multiple levels of genome expression (i.e., multi-omics data), often referred to as a systems biology strategy, has been advocated as a route to discovering gene functions.

Correction: Mugume et al. Complex Changes in Membrane Lipids Associated with the Modification of Autophagy in . 2022, , 190.

In the original article [...

Complex Changes in Membrane Lipids Associated with the Modification of Autophagy in .

Autophagy is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is known to influence the plant metabolome, including lipid content; however, its impact on the plant lipidome is not fully understood, and most studies have analyzed a single or few mutants defective in autophagy. To gain more insight into the effect of autophagy on lipid concentrations and composition, we quantitatively profiled glycerolipids from multiple mutants altered in autophagy and compared them with wild-type seedlings under nitrogen replete (+N; normal growth) and nitrogen starvation (-N; autophagy inducing) conditions.

Target of Rapamycin in Control of Autophagy: Puppet Master and Signal Integrator.

The target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily-conserved serine/threonine kinase that senses and integrates signals from the environment to coordinate developmental and metabolic processes. TOR senses nutrients, hormones, metabolites, and stress signals to promote cell and organ growth when conditions are favorable. However, TOR is inhibited when conditions are unfavorable, promoting catabolic processes such as autophagy.

New advances in autophagy in plants: Regulation, selectivity and function.

Autophagy is a major and conserved pathway for delivering unwanted proteins or damaged organelles to the vacuole for degradation and recycling. In plants, it functions as a housekeeping process to maintain cellular homeostasis under normal conditions and is induced by stress and senescence; it thus plays important roles in development, stress tolerance and metabolism. Autophagy can both execute bulk degradation and be highly selective in targeting cargos under specific environmental conditions or during certain developmental processes.

Localization of RNS2 ribonuclease to the vacuole is required for its role in cellular homeostasis.

Localization of the RNase RNS2 to the vacuole via a C-terminal targeting signal is essential for its function in rRNA degradation and homeostasis. RNase T2 ribonucleases are highly conserved enzymes present in the genomes of nearly all eukaryotes and many microorganisms. Their constitutive expression in different tissues and cell types of many organisms suggests a housekeeping role in RNA homeostasis.