Delta Shock Index and higher incidence of emergency surgery in older adults with blunt trauma.

Purpose: Vital signs are important for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with trauma. However, their accuracy can be affected in older adults because hemodynamic changes are less obvious. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of changes in vital signs during transportation in predicting the need for hemostatic treatments in older patients with trauma.

Hyperoxia for accidental hypothermia and increased mortality: a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Background: Supraphysiologic oxygen administration causes unfavorable clinical outcomes in various diseases, including traumatic brain injury, post-cardiac arrest syndrome, and acute lung injury. Accidental hypothermia is a critical illness that reduces oxygen demands, and excessive oxygen is likely to emerge. This study aimed to determine whether hyperoxia would be associated with increased mortality in patients with accidental hypothermia.

Frailty and Neurologic Outcomes of Patients Resuscitated From Nontraumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Observational Study.

Study Objective: To elucidate the clinical utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale score for predicting poor neurologic functions in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted between 2019 and 2021. The study included adults with nontraumatic OHCA admitted to the intensive care unit after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in severe accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest and circulatory instability: A multicentre, prospective, observational study in Japan (ICE-CRASH study).

Aim: To elucidate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in accidental hypothermia (AH) patients with and without cardiac arrest (CA), including details of complications.

Methods: This study was a multicentre, prospective, observational study of AH in Japan. All adult (aged ≥18 years) AH patients with body temperature ≤32 °C who presented to the emergency department between December 2019 and March 2022 were included.

Primary spindle cell tumor originating from the liver that was difficult to diagnose.

Background: It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with spindle cell tumor accounts for 1.8% of all HCCs, but spindle cell tumors that do not show an obvious conventional HCC are extremely rare. In this report, we describe a case of resection of a primary spindle cell tumor of the liver that was difficult to diagnose.

Hypotension at Hospital Presentation and Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury following Computed Tomography with Contrast Media.

Introduction: Post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is a major complication of contrast media usage; risks for PC-AKI are generally evaluated before computed tomography (CT) with contrast at the emergency department (ED). Although persistent hypotension (systolic blood pressure [sBP] <80 mm Hg for 1 h) is associated with increased PC-AKI incidence, it remains unclear whether transient hypotension that is haemodynamically stabilized before CT is a risk of PC-AKI. We hypothesized that hypotension on ED arrival would be associated with higher PC-AKI incidence even if CT with contrast was performed after patients are appropriately resuscitated.

Emergency angiography for trauma patients and potential association with acute kidney injury.

Background: Angiography has been conducted as a hemostatic procedure for trauma patients. While several complications, such as tissue necrosis after embolization, have been reported, little is known regarding subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI) due to contrast media. To elucidate whether emergency angiography would introduce kidney dysfunction in trauma victims, we compared the incidence of AKI between patients who underwent emergency angiography and those who did not.

Physician-staffed ambulance and increased in-hospital mortality of hypotensive trauma patients following prolonged prehospital stay: A nationwide study.

Background: The benefits of physician-staffed emergency medical services (EMS) for trauma patients remain unclear because of the conflicting results on survival. Some studies suggested potential delays in definitive hemostasis due to prolonged prehospital stay when physicians are dispatched to the scene. We examined hypotensive trauma patients who were transported by ambulance, with the hypothesis that physician-staffed ambulances would be associated with increased in-hospital mortality, compared with EMS personnel-staffed ambulances.

Laparoscopic abdominal perineal rectal resection for rectal cancer with a horseshoe kidney using preoperative 3D-CT angiography: a case report.

Background: A horseshoe kidney is a congenital malformation involving the fusion of the bilateral kidneys and is often accompanied by anomalies of the ureteropelvic and vascular systems. When performing resection of colorectal cancer in a patient with horseshoe kidney, damage to the ureter or excessive renal arteries should be avoided. To achieve this purpose, comprehensive preoperative anatomical assessments and surgical planning are important.

Oxygen administration in patients recovering from cardiac arrest: a narrative review.

High oxygen tension in blood and/or tissue affects clinical outcomes in several diseases. Thus, the optimal target PaO for patients recovering from cardiac arrest (CA) has been extensively examined. Many patients develop hypoxic brain injury after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); this supports the need for oxygen administration in patients after CA.

Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Attenuates Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Stabilizes Hemodynamics in a Rat Hemorrhagic Shock Model.

Background: Hydrogen gas (H2) inhalation during hemorrhage stabilizes post-resuscitation hemodynamics, improving short-term survival in a rat hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) model. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of H2 in HS/R is unclear. Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) damage causes hemodynamic failure associated with HS/R.

Surgical management of urachal remnants in children: open versus laparoscopic approach: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study.

Urachal remnants (UR) represent a failure in the obliteration of the allantois, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus, at birth. Surgical management of UR in children is controversial. The traditional surgical approach involves a semicircular intraumbilical incision or a lower midline laparotomy.

Epinephrine during resuscitation of traumatic cardiac arrest and increased mortality: a post hoc analysis of prospective observational study.

Background: The beneficial effect of epinephrine during resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been inconclusive, and potential harm has been suggested, particularly in trauma victims. Although no significant improvement in neurological outcomes has been found among resuscitated patients using epinephrine, including trauma patients, the use of epinephrine is recommended in the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol. Given that the use of vasopressors was reported to be associated with increased mortality in patients with massive bleeding, the undesirable effects of epinephrine during the resuscitation of traumatic OHCA should be elucidated.

Accidental ingestion of food allergens: A nationwide survey of Japanese nursery schools.

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Nucleic Acid Isolation and Quality Control.

This chapter describes the most practical manual and automated methods of isolating genomic DNA and RNA from different sources. It also summarizes currently popular methods of quality control (QC) for genomic DNA, RNA, and next generation sequencing (NGS) libraries.

Discovery and Validation of Salivary Extracellular RNA Biomarkers for Noninvasive Detection of Gastric Cancer.

Background: Biomarkers are needed for noninvasive early detection of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers as potential clinical evaluation tools for GC.

Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva samples were prospectively collected from 294 individuals (163 GC and 131 non-GC patients) who underwent endoscopic evaluation at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea.

[Diagnosis of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver and difficulty in its differentiation from a malignant tumor: a case report].

A 79-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Imaging findings suggested hepatocellular carcinoma although the serum levels of tumor markers were within the normal range. Thus, we performed hepatectomy of S5 and components separation.

Solitary metastasis to a superior mediastinal lymph node after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a case report.

Background: Mediastinal lymph node metastases occasionally occur in patients of advanced gastric cancer of the cardia with esophageal invasion, but they rarely occur in patients with gastric cancer of other sites. This report describes a case of a solitary metastasis to t a superior mediastinal lymph node after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer of the antrum.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man underwent curative distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer of the antrum (pT2pN2M0, stage IIB).

[MINISTRY OF HEALTH "2015 PENULTIMATE YEAR CHILDREN AND SURVEY AND RESEARCH PROJECT PROMOTING THE PARENTING SUPPORT" ACTUAL CONDITIONS REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION ON ALLERGY CONTROL IN DAY-CARE CENTERS ADMISSIONS CHILDREN OF ALLERGIC DISEASES SITUATION AND DAY-CARE CENTERS].

Background: There are no reports on the prevalence and social acceptance of food allergies (FAs) and FAinduced symptoms in nursery schools in Japan.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the current status of FA among children in nurseries.

Methods: Investigations were conducted in childcare facilities nationwide through survey request forms found on the Web page or sent via post.

Thalidomide potentiates etoposide-induced apoptosis in murine neuroblastoma through suppression of NF-κB activation.

Purpose: Treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma is still challenging. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether thalidomide suppresses etoposide-induced NF-κB activation and thus potentiates apoptosis in murine neuroblastoma.

Methods: A murine neuroblastoma cell line, C1300, and A/J mice were used in this study.