Synergistic Effect of Additive and Solvent Vapor Annealing on the Enhancement of MAPbI Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Ambient Air.

To date, most high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated in an inert or vacuum condition to circumvent the moisture effect, which is one of the leading causes of sparse crystal nucleation and nonuniform morphology. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple approach to deposit a uniform and homogeneous perovskite on a planar substrate in ambient air for the mass production of PSCs. Herein, we investigated the synergistic effect of additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatments on the performance of PSCs fabricated in ambient air.