Establishing a new human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, expressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and programmed cell death ligand 1.

The Main Problem: Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of non-small cell lung cancer. Analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinoma requires useful tools, such as squamous lung cancer cell lines.

Methods: A novel new lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, was developed from the primary lung cancer of a 74-year-old man.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression correlates with programmed death ligand 1 expression and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has been associated with growth and metastasis in various cancers. However, its role in postoperative recurrence and prognosis in lung cancer lacks clear consensus. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between IGF1R and postoperative recurrence as well as long-term survival in a large cohort.

Derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has the potential to predict safety and outcomes of durvalumab after chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancer.

The usefulness of the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and its dynamics before/after durvalumab consolidation therapy to predict safety or efficacy remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with durvalumab consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy (D group) or chemoradiotherapy alone (non-D group) at multiple institutions. We investigated the association between dNLR, or its dynamics, and pneumonitis, checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP), irAEs, and efficacy.

Combination of transbronchoscopic oxygen insufflation and a digital chest drainage system in endobronchial occlusion: a hybrid technique for localization of fistula in intractable pneumothorax.

Background: The management of intractable secondary pneumothorax poses a considerable challenge as it is often not indicated for surgery owing to the presence of underlying disease and poor general condition. While endobronchial occlusion has been employed as a non-surgical treatment for intractable secondary pneumothorax, its effectiveness is limited by the difficulty of locating the bronchus leading to the fistula using conventional techniques. This report details a case treated with endobronchial occlusion where the combined use of transbronchoscopic oxygen insufflation and a digital chest drainage system enabled location of the bronchus responsible for a prolonged air leak, leading to the successful treatment of intractable secondary pneumothorax.

RBM17 Expression Is Associated With the Efficacy of ICI Monotherapy in NSCLC With Low PD-L1 Expression.

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently a standard treatment tool for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNA-binding motif protein 17 (RBM17), a splicing factor, is frequently over-expressed in NSCLC, but little is known about the role of RBM17 in the efficacy of ICIs for NSCLC. Thus, we investigated the correlation between RBM17 expression and ICI efficacy in NSCLC.

Diagnostic Utility and Safety of Non-Intubated Cryobiopsy Technique Using a Novel Ultrathin Cryoprobe in Addition to Conventional Biopsy Techniques for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions.

Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy enables high-quality sample collection around the probe tip. Meanwhile, existing cryoprobes have less flexibility and a higher risk of bleeding. The ultrathin cryoprobe with a 1.

The Impact of Estrogen Receptor Expression on Mutational Status in the Evolution of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The role of estrogen receptor (ER) status in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer and its impact on prognosis remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: We previously reported a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology study (Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer Study [JME]). We examined the relationship of ER status with reproductive and hormonal factors, mutational profile, and survival using JME study data.

Prognostic impact of pretreatment T790M mutation on outcomes for patients with resected, EGFR-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Many previous studies have demonstrated that minor-frequency pretreatment T790M mutation (preT790M) could be detected by ultrasensitive methods in a considerable number of treatment-naïve, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. However, the impact of preT790M in resected cases on prognosis remains unclear.

Methods: We previously reported that preT790M could be detected in 298 (79.

Association of thyroid transcription factor-1 with the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: We aimed to identify the relationship between thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression of lung adenocarcinoma and the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study comprised patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with ICI monotherapy. We collected clinical medical records including data on TTF-1 expression and analyzed the relationship between TTF-1 expression and programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score (PD-L1 TPS), objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer.

It is unclear whether tumor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression affects the therapeutic efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. This retrospective, multicenter study included patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. We constructed tissue microarrays and performed immunohistochemistry with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibody.

Safe Concurrent Use of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Who Was Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma stage IVB. We introduced a first-line chemotherapy of four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed and pembrolizumab, followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab maintenance therapy. Approximately four months after anticancer therapy, a small nodule appeared in the right peripheral S3 lesion.

Safety profile and risk factors for bleeding in transbronchial cryobiopsy using a two-scope technique for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: A balloon occlusion technique is suggested for use in cryobiopsy for interstitial lung diseases because of the bleeding risk. However, it may interfere with selection of the involved bronchus for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). A two-scope technique, in which two scopes are prepared and hemostasis is started using the second scope immediately after cryobiopsy, has also been reported.

Phase II Study of the Modified Weekly Nab-paclitaxel Regimen in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: We conducted a clinical phase II study to evaluate the modified weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) regimen in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: This multicenter single-arm phase II study enrolled patients with advanced NSCLC who had previously received >1 chemotherapy regimen. Patients received nab-paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 (21-d cycle).

Phase 1b study of ramucirumab in combination with erlotinib or osimertinib for untreated EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients with asymptomatic brain metastases.

Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the safety of ramucirumab administered in combination with erlotinib or osimertinib for patients with untreated EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and asymptomatic brain metastases, a patient subgroup in which these regimens have remained untested.

Materials And Methods: This phase 1b study (RELAY-Brain) consisted of two cohorts with three patients each. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases received ramucirumab every 2 weeks plus either daily oral erlotinib or osimertinib until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.

Tumor microenvironment disparity in multiple primary lung cancers: Impact of non-intrinsic factors, histological subtypes, and genetic aberrations.

Introduction: Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) occur in common carcinogenetic risks such as lifestyle, biological aging, immune responses, hormones, and metabolism. Although MPLCs harbor various genetic profiles within the same individuals, differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are unclear. We investigated the impact of genetic aberrations, non-intrinsic factors, and pathological subtypes on tumor immunity.

Mutational landscape of multiple primary lung cancers and its correlation with non-intrinsic risk factors.

Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) harbour various genetic profiles among the tumours, even from individuals with same non-intrinsic risk factors. Paired mutational analyses were performed to obtain a census of mutational events in MPLC and assess their relationship with non-intrinsic risk factors. Thirty-eight surgical specimens from 17 patients diagnosed as MPLC were used.

Can smoking duration alone replace pack-years to predict the risk of smoking-related oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer? A cross-sectional study in Japan.

Objective: To investigate whether smoking duration alone can replace pack-years to predict the risk of oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design: A cross-sectional study using the baseline dataset from the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer Study.

Setting: Forty-three medical institutions nationwide in Japan.

Differences in molecular epidemiology of lung cancer among ethnicities (Asian Caucasian).

Background: Differences in carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy according to ethnicity have been reported for lung cancer, and understanding differences in genetic mutation profiles among ethnicities is important for interpreting the results of clinical trials, preventing carcinogenesis, and individualizing treatment. However, no studies have focused on differences in mutation profiles among different ethnicities using large-scale genomic analysis data with detailed information on smoking history, the main cause of lung cancer.

Methods: To clarify the differences in genetic mutation profiles between Caucasian and Japanese subjects, we compared data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, which mainly included Caucasians, with results from the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study, which is an epidemiological study only involving Japanese subjects.

Early-onset meningitis associated with atezolizumab treatment for non-small cell lung cancer: case report and literature review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the overall survival of many patients with advanced cancers. However, unlike cytotoxic and targeted drugs, ICIs may cause various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among these irAEs, autoimmune meningitis is very rare.

Predictive impact of low-frequency pretreatment T790M mutation in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Objectives: Low-frequency epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation could be detected by ultrasensitive methods in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naïve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of pretreatment T790M (preT790M) on the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs and on resistance remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: Two independent cohorts consisting of advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, a derivation cohort that started treatment between August 2013 and July 2016 (cohort A, n = 44) and a validation cohort between August 2016 and December 2017 (cohort B, n = 22), were examined in this study.

Impact of tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

We retrospectively investigated the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line treatment in 70 patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer and who were seen at Osaka City University Hospital (Osaka, Japan) between August 2013 and December 2017. Using immunohistochemical staining with 28-8 and D7U8C Abs, the tumor proportion score was assessed for programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), as high (50% or more) or low (less than 50%), and ligand-2 (PD-L2) expression, respectively. The extent of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was evaluated on a scale of 0-3, with 0-1 as low and 2-3 as high.