Health risk appraisal models for mass screening for esophageal and pharyngeal cancer: an endoscopic follow-up study of cancer-free Japanese men.

Purpose: To assess the performance of our health risk appraisal (HRA) models for screening individuals at high risk of esophageal/pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (EPSCC).

Methods: Based on the results of our previous case-control study, we invented HRA models that enable screening for EPSCC cases in Japanese men with high sensitivity and specificity based on either their aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotype (HRA-G model) or alcohol flushing (HRA-F model) and drinking, smoking, and dietary habits. Follow-up endoscopy combined with esophageal iodine staining (median follow-up period: 5.

Health risk appraisal models for mass screening of esophageal cancer in Japanese men.

Background: Because early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus is detectable by endoscopic esophageal iodine staining with high accuracy and is easily treated by endoscopic mucosectomy, it is important to develop efficient methods for screening candidates for the endoscopic examination. Inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is a very strong risk factor for esophageal SCC in alcohol drinkers and thus may be suitable as a screening tool.

Purpose: To assess the performance of health risk appraisal (HRA) models in screening for esophageal SCC in the Japanese male population.

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, and drinking, smoking and diet in Japanese men with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B, previously called ADH2), and ADH1C (previously called ADH3) affect the metabolism of alcohol. The inactive ALDH2 encoded by ALDH2*1/*2 and the less-active ADH1B encoded by ADH1B*1/*1 increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in East Asian drinkers. This case-control study involved 96 Japanese men with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (hypopharyngeal cancer in 43 patients and oral/oropharyngeal cancer in 53) and 642 cancer-free Japanese men.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotypes in Japanese females.

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is the key enzyme for elimination of acetaldehyde, an established animal carcinogen produced after drinking. In persons with inactive ALDH2, the body fails to metabolize acetaldehyde rapidly, leading to excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde. Inactive heterozygous ALDH2 enhances the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Japanese male drinkers.

Mean corpuscular volume, alcohol flushing, and the predicted risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in cancer-free Japanese men.

Background: Because some of the causes of increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), including alcoholism, acetaldehyde exposure, smoking, and poor nutrition are common to both, macrocytosis has been used as a predictor of early ESCC in Japanese alcoholics. We examined whether this was also true in the Japanese general population.

Methods: This study compared the MCV of 522 cancer-free Japanese men with his risk of ESCC as defined using drinking, smoking, dietary habits and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genotype in a previous case-control study of ESCC involving them as control subjects.

Alcohol flushing, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes, and risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese men.

Alcohol flushing after light drinking is triggered mainly by severe acetaldehydemia in individuals possessing inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-2. Inactive ALDH2 encoded by ALDH2*1/2*2 and the low-activity form of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-2 encoded by ADH2*1/2*1 enhance the risk for esophageal cancer in Japanese light to heavy drinkers, a significant association that emphasizes the importance of screening tests for inactive ALDH2 based on alcohol flushing. The objectives of the present report were (a).

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and glutathione S-transferase M1 and drinking, smoking, and diet in Japanese men with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2), ADH3, and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) influence the metabolism of alcohol and other carcinogens. The ALDH2*1/2*2 genotype, which encodes inactive ALDH2, and ADH2*1/2*1, which encodes the low-activity form of ADH2, enhance the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian alcoholics. This case-control study of whether the enzyme-related vulnerability for esophageal cancer can be extended to a general population involved 234 Japanese men with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 634 cancer-free Japanese men who received annual health checkups.