Percutaneous Drainage for Giant Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Tiny Infant with a Birth Weight of 327 g.

Giant pulmonary cyst in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants has been described as one of severe pulmonary diseases. Any definitive therapy for refractory cases, where conservative methods of treatments are not effective, has not been established as a standard. Herein, we report an ELBW infant with a giant pulmonary cyst cured by percutaneous drainage without any adverse events.

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist versus nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in preterm infants born before 30 weeks' gestation.

Background: Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA), a mode of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) controlled by diaphragmatic electrical activity, may be superior to other NIV as a respiratory support after extubation in preterm infants, but no report has compared NIV-NAVA with other NIV methods. We evaluated the effectiveness and adverse effects of NIV-NAVA after extubation in preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This retrospective study involved patients who were born before 30 weeks of gestation.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in extremely low-birthweight infants.

Background: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is expected to improve respiratory outcomes in preterm infants, but it has not yet been evaluated. We investigated whether NAVA could improve respiratory outcomes and reduce sedation use in extremely low-birthweight infants (ELBWI).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on patient charts at the Nagano Children's Hospital neonatal intensive care unit, Japan.

Nucleated red blood cell counts: an early predictor of brain injury and 2-year outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the era of cooling-based treatment.

Background: Raised nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) counts in neonates may indicate in utero hypoxia and brain damage.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the use of NRBC counts as a predictor of brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated under current cooling-based strategy.

Methods: Forty-three neonates with asphyxia between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively investigated.