[Infection control strategies for antimicrobial-resistance].

Antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) is a growing threat especially to critically ill patients, because treatment failure can have serious consequences. MRSA has been a major concern in Japanese hospitals, however, emerging the drug-resistant pathogens that comprise VRE, MDRP or ESBL have been reported as nosocomial infectious pathogens. To control antimicrobial-resistance, antimicrobial therapy according to local sensitivity result and multidisciplinary management is necessary.

Anaerobic bacteremia: the yield of positive anaerobic blood cultures: patient characteristics and potential risk factors.

The anaerobic blood culture (AN) bottle is routinely used in Japan with little discussion as to its justification or validity. We retrospectively studied the AN bottle yield of obligate anaerobes and the characteristics of, and potential risk factors in, patients with anaerobic bacteremia during a 2-year period (1999-2000) at four university hospitals and one community hospital. Thirty-four of 18,310 aerobic and anaerobic blood culture sets from 6,215 patients taken at the university hospitals, and 35 of 2,464 samples taken from 838 patients at the community hospital, yielded obligate anaerobes.