Clinical phenotypes from fatal cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pneumonia.

There have been no report of objective clinical characteristics or prognostic factors that predict fatal outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) since the Berlin definition was published. The aim of this study is to identify clinically available predictors that distinguish between two phenotypes of fatal ARDS due to pneumonia. In total, 104 cases of Japanese patients with pneumonia-induced ARDS were extracted from our prospectively collected database.

The association between tumor burden and severe immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer patients responding to immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Objectives: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has demonstrated survival benefits, although some treatment responders (defined as patients with non-progressive disease) are forced to discontinue treatment because of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). An association between treatment efficacy and irAEs has been reported. However, it is unclear which treatment responders are likely to develop severe irAEs.

The effects of switching EGFR-TKI treatments for non-small cell lung cancer because of adverse events.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and EGFR driver mutations. Although some patients discontinued these treatments because of adverse events, it is unclear whether switching EGFR-TKI because of adverse events provides a benefit.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated data from 22 patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC who received at least two EGFR-TKIs that were switched because of adverse events (March 2011 to September 2017).

Adjunctive therapy with azithromycin for moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective, propensity score-matching analysis of prospectively collected data at a single center.

Effective pharmacological therapy has not been established for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Macrolides are antibiotics with potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may be beneficial in ARDS treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the adjunctive effect of azithromycin on survival for patients with ARDS.

Efficacy of azithromycin in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study and propensity score analysis.

Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening form of respiratory failure without an established pharmacological treatment. Recently, macrolides have been found to be beneficial in cases of acute lung injury, but evidence is limited.

Materials And Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort evaluation of hospitalized patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome aimed to assess the impact of azithromycin on clinical outcomes by using a propensity score analysis.