Arid1a is essential for intestinal stem cells through Sox9 regulation.

Inactivating mutations of , a subunit of the Switch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex, have been reported in multiple human cancers. Intestinal deletion of has been reported to induce colorectal cancer in mice; however, its functional role in intestinal homeostasis remains unclear. We investigated the functional role of Arid1a in intestinal homeostasis in mice.

The BRG1/SOX9 axis is critical for acinar cell-derived pancreatic tumorigenesis.

Chromatin remodeler Brahma related gene 1 (BRG1) is silenced in approximately 10% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs). We previously showed that BRG1 inhibits the formation of intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and that IPMN-derived PDA originated from ductal cells. However, the role of BRG1 in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-derived (PanIN-derived) PDA that originated from acinar cells remains elusive.

Nardilysin inhibits pancreatitis and suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation in mice.

Objective: Nardilysin (NRDC), a zinc peptidase, exhibits multiple localisation-dependent functions including as an enhancer of ectodomain shedding in the extracellular space and a transcriptional coregulator in the nucleus. In this study, we investigated its functional role in exocrine pancreatic development, homeostasis and the formation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).

Design: We analysed mice to investigate the impact of deletion.

ARID1A Maintains Differentiation of Pancreatic Ductal Cells and Inhibits Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice.

Background & Aims: The ARID1A gene encodes a protein that is part of the large adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF and is frequently mutated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). We investigated the functions of ARID1A during formation of PDACs in mice.

Methods: We performed studies with Ptf1a-Cre;Kras mice, which express activated Kras in the pancreas and develop pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), as well as those with disruption of Aird1a (Ptf1a-Cre;Kras;Arid1a mice) or disruption of Brg1 (encodes a catalytic ATPase of the SWI/SNF complex) (Ptf1a-Cre;Kras; Brg1mice).

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection: a new endoscopic method for resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumor grade 1 (carcinoid) ≤ 10 mm in diameter.

 Rectal neuroendocrine tumors grade 1 (NET G1; carcinoid) ≤ 10 mm in diameter often extend into the submucosa, making their complete histological resection difficult using endoscopic techniques. Endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are commonly used to overcome these difficulties. We also previously reported that underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) could facilitate resection of rectal NET G1.

Late-onset acetaminophen-induced allergic hepatitis with progression to chronicity.

Acetaminophen (paracetamol), a widely used antipyretic/analgesic, is a well-known agent causing acute hepatic injury. Whereas most cases are caused by its intrinsic hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic hepatitis by the allergic mechanism is extremely rare. We herein report a case of late-onset acetaminophen-induced allergic hepatitis with progression to chronicity.

Deletion of nardilysin prevents the development of steatohepatitis and liver fibrotic changes.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that progresses to liver cirrhosis. It is still unknown how only limited patients with fatty liver develop NASH. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is one of the key molecules in initiating the vicious circle of inflammations.

[A case of gallbladder carcinoma following cholecystogastric fistula].

A 79-year-old woman with pneumobilia and liver dysfunction was admitted to our hospital. ERCP and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed choledochal stones and a cholecystogastric fistula at the greater curvature of the gastric antrum. The risk of cholecystectomy and fistulectomy appeared to be extremely high for this patient because of her advanced age and low respiratory function due to interstitial pneumonia.

[Double esophageal carcinosarcomas showing rapid growth of a new polypoid tumor after sloughing of another polypoid tumor].

A 55-year-old man presented at our hospital with a large polypoid esophageal tumor. Initial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that this tumor had sloughed off to be replaced with ulceration in the thoracic esophagus. However, after the tumor at the thoracic esophagus sloughed off, a semi-circular, superficial, flat squamous cell carcinoma was observed adjacent to the ulceration.

[Eosinophilic cholangitis from almost normal appearance to the bile duct sclerosis similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis].

A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of eosinophilia and liver dysfunction. Initial abdominal CT and MRI (MRCP) finding showed almost normal liver and bile duct. Liver biopsy demonstrated mild portal infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils.

[A case of combined syndrome of juvenile polyposis and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia associated with SMAD4 mutation].

A 47-year-old man was found to have abnormal findings on chest radiography. Chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that he had a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. He had experienced epistaxis when he was a junior high school student, and since then, the symptom had frequently recurred.