Spatial memory impairment without apoptosis induced by the combination of beta-amyloid oligomers and cerebral ischemia is related to decreased acetylcholine release in rats.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of beta-amyloid (Abeta) oligomers, not the fibrils that make up Abeta plaques, on spatial memory and the cholinergic system in rats. Recently, several researchers have suggested that small assemblies of Abeta, Abeta oligomers, caused memory loss during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease without showing cell death. In the present study, the combination of Abeta oligomers and cerebral ischemia, but not cerebral ischemia alone, significantly impaired spatial memory without apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.

Nilvadipine prevents the impairment of spatial memory induced by cerebral ischemia combined with beta-amyloid in rats.

In the present study, we examined the effects of nilvadipine and amlodipine, both dihydropyridine-derivative calcium antagonists, on the impairment of spatial memory induced by a combination of ischemia and beta-amyloid (Abeta). Nilvadipine (3.2 mg/kg, i.

Effect of Toki-shakuyaku-san on acetylcholine level and blood flow in dorsal hippocampus of intact and twice-repeated ischemic rats.

The effects of Toki-shakuyaku-san (TSS) ingredients on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) were investigated in intact and twice-repeated ischemic rats using in vivo microdialysis-HPLC. Moreover, the effect of TSS on blood flow was investigated in intact rats using laser Doppler flowmetry. TSS at 300 mg/kg p.

Effect of oral administration of zanapezil (TAK-147) for 21 days on acetylcholine and monoamines levels in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats.

Zanapezil (TAK-147 (3-[1benzylpiperdin-4-yl]-1-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1-benzazepin-8-yl) propan-1-one fumarate)) is a selective acetylcholine (ACh) esterase inhibitor under investigation as a drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. In this study, the effects of TAK-147 at 2 mg kg(-1) p.o.