Publications by authors named "Yoshitaka Sekine"

Article Synopsis
  • Dialysis patients face a heightened risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but distinguishing RCC from benign cysts can be challenging with standard imaging techniques like CT and ultrasound.
  • This study conducted between 2012 and 2016 used FDG-PET/CT to screen for RCC in 150 participants with end-stage renal disease, with evaluations made by three radiologists.
  • The results showed that FDG-PET/CT had a high sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%), ultimately diagnosing RCC in seven out of twenty patients identified as positive for malignancy.
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Background: The quality of life of patients is an important consideration when selecting treatments for localized prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively compared sexual function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) using propensity score matching.

Methods: In total, 127 Japanese PCa patients treated with RARP and 190 treated with CIRT monotherapy were evaluated.

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Background/aim: Statins exert antitumor effects via various mechanisms. Additionally, the recurrence rate of prostate cancer after radiation therapy is lower in patients taking statins. This study investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with statins and irradiation in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

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Background/aim: Statin has recently been studied for its effects on inducing cell death and inhibiting metastasis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of its anti-tumor effect is not yet fully understood. We conducted research on statin as a novel treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

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  • A case report discusses a rare but serious situation involving an 82-year-old man with bleeding from mesenteric varices after multiple surgeries, including those for colon cancer and liver cancer.
  • The patient experienced severe hematuria and was found to have ruptured varices in his ileal conduit, which did not respond to manual compression.
  • Successful treatment was achieved through embolization therapy, highlighting its effectiveness for controlling heavy bleeding from this type of varices.
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Background: Identifying the likelihood of life-threatening recurrence after radical cystectomy by reliable and user-friendly predictive models remains an unmet need in the clinical management of invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: A total of 204 consecutive patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer were retrospectively enrolled between May 2005 and August 2020. Clinicopathological and peri-ORC therapeutic data were extracted from clinical records.

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  • Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can occur after a kidney biopsy, often resolving on its own, but in this case, it led to serious complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI) due to urinary tract obstruction.
  • A 22-year-old woman, with a history of kidney transplant, was found to have a gourd-shaped AVF that had gone unnoticed for nearly a decade until it caused sudden bleeding and kidney dysfunction.
  • The AVF was successfully treated with coil embolization, and although she needed hemodialysis, the function of her kidney gradually improved afterward.*
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Background: The prostate health index (phi) derived using [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (p2PSA), a precursor of PSA, has been shown to predict cancer in the gray zone. However, the utility of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of enzalutamide treatment in CRPC patients.

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Background: Urothelial carcinoma arises from the inner urothelial membrane of the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder and often causes macrohematuria. Here, we report a rare case in which the patient developed non-symptomatic urothelial carcinoma anatomically outside the bladder wall 17 years after bladder diverticulectomy.

Case Presentation: An 82-year-old male patient previously underwent gastrectomy for stomach cancer and partial hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

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Background: Enzalutamide (ENZ) is used in the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The quality of life (QoL) of CRPC patients during ENZ treatment is very important, but predictive markers of QoL have not been identified. We investigated the relationship between the serum testosterone (T) level before ENZ treatment and QoL changes in CRPC patients.

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Metastatic urothelial cancer is a lethal disease. Although recent advances in immunotherapies and targeted therapy against fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2/3 mutation (erdafitinib) have improved patient survival, there is still a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies for patients who do not benefit from these treatments. Evasion of apoptosis through amplifying anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2) is one mechanism responsible for treatment resistance in urothelial cancers, suggesting that targeting anti-apoptotic proteins may be a possible therapeutic strategy for urothelial cancers.

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Background/aim: Several studies have reported on the relationship between HOXB13 variants and an increased prostate cancer (PC) risk. To our knowledge there are not many studies on HOXB13 mutations in Japanese patients with prostate cancer, and there many issues remain uninvestigated. We herein clarified the association between HOXB13 genetic variants and PC risk in a Japanese population.

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Castration-resistant prostate cancer shows resistance to not only androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) but also X-ray therapy. On the other hand, carbon ion beams have a high biological effect and are used for various cancers showing resistance to X-ray therapy. The purposes of this study are to clarify the difference in the sensitivity of Castration-resistant prostate cancer to X-ray and carbon ion beams and to elucidate the mechanism.

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Background: One of the growth mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is de novo androgen synthesis from intracellular cholesterol, and statins may be able to inhibit this mechanism. In addition, statins have been reported to suppress the expression of androgen receptors (ARs) in prostate cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated a combination therapy of novel AR antagonists and statin, simvastatin, for CRPC.

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Androgen is beneficial for the prostate with normal functions but creates a risk for prostate cancer progression. How androgen receptor (AR) mediates these various androgen actions remains elusive. AR conserves a phosphorylation motif within its ligand-binding domain throughout species.

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In clinical samples, the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and of AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7) is higher in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared with that in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa). However, there are only a few reports on the ratio of the expression levels of AR-V7 to AR (AR-V7/AR) in prostate tissue. The present study evaluated AR-V7/AR expression in various types of human prostate tissues and CRPC cells.

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Background: Recently, presepsin has been reported to be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of sepsis and evaluation of prognosis in septic patients. However, few reports have evaluated its usefulness in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate whether presepsin could be a valuable marker for detecting severe sepsis, and whether it could predict the therapeutic course in patients with UTI compared with markers already used: procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

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Background: Enzalutamide (ENZ) is used to treat patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the kinetics of serum androgens before and after ENZ treatment are unknown.

Objective: To elucidate the kinetics of serum androgens and explore the possibility of identifying a useful marker for predicting the effects of ENZ.

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Background/aim: There are several treatment options for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in the world. In recent years, the use of docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide has been used for mHSPC, but combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy using first-generation antiandrogens has been widely used in Japan. There is a background.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to investigate if YM155, a new small-molecule inhibitor, can counteract resistance to cabazitaxel in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
  • Researchers induced cabazitaxel resistance in the prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1-CR and tested the effects of YM155 alongside cabazitaxel in both lab and animal models.
  • Results showed that YM155 effectively reduced survivin gene expression in resistant cancer cells and significantly improved the effectiveness of cabazitaxel treatment, indicating that inhibiting survivin can help overcome drug resistance.
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Background: Recent studies have shown that an early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to androgen receptor-targeting agents in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a better prognosis. We analyzed the early PSA response to enzalutamide (ENZ) by measuring the PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) while monitoring oncologic outcomes and survival in Japanese patients.

Methods: We analyzed a total of 241 patients with mCRPC who were treated with ENZ.

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Article Synopsis
  • The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in the USA and Japan have become more similar over time, indicating a need for effective countermeasures in both regions.
  • Prostate cancer screening techniques, such as transrectal ultrasonography and prostate-specific antigen testing, have been in place in Japan and the USA since the late 20th century, with various trials to assess their effectiveness.
  • Misinterpretations of the efficacy of prostate-specific antigen screening by non-expert organizations have led to confusion, prompting urological associations to work on optimizing screening systems while minimizing negative outcomes such as overdetection and overtreatment.
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