Post-stroke urinary incontinence is associated with behavior control deficits and overactive bladder.

Background: Although urinary incontinence in stroke survivors can substantially impact the patient's quality of life, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms and its neural basis have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we investigated this topic via neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging in a cross-sectional study.

Methods: We recruited 71 individuals with cerebrovascular disease.

Investigating the Link Between Subjective Depth Perception Deficits and Objective Stereoscopic Vision Deficits in Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury.

Individuals with acquired brain injury have reported subjective complaints of depth perception deficits, but few have undergone objective assessments to confirm these deficits. As a result, the literature currently lacks reports detailing the correlation between subjective depth perception deficits and objective stereoscopic vision deficits in individuals with acquired brain injury, particularly those cases that are characterized by a clearly defined lesion. To investigate this relationship, we recruited three individuals with acquired brain injury who experienced depth perception deficits and related difficulties in their daily lives.

Apathy Level, Disinhibition, and Psychiatric Conditions Are Related to the Employment Status of People With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: An understanding of the potential prognostic factors as they relate to the employment status of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is necessary so that occupational therapy practitioners can provide the most effective treatment.

Objective: To examine the impact of apathy, disinhibition, and psychiatric conditions on employment status after TBI.

Design: An observational study conducted from March 2015 to March 2020.

Visuospatial working memory dysfunction from tapping span test as a diagnostic tool for patients with mild posterior cortical atrophy.

Posterior cortical atrophy is a rare degenerative condition with prominent visuospatial dysfunction which commonly occurs between ages 50 and 65. A diagnosis of mild posterior cortical atrophy sometimes challenging and can be delayed because there are currently no established neuropsychological examination methods that can easily be used in clinical settings. In this study, we examined whether the tapping span test is a potential diagnostic tool for posterior cortical atrophy and what impairment the tapping span test is indicative of in this condition.

Numeric input operation on electronic devices among individuals with visuospatial working memory impairment.

In human-computer interactions, higher-level visuospatial function is likely needed to effectively use the interface. The aim of this study is to clarify whether individuals with visuospatial defects can use electronic devices effectively. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the ability of seven individuals with Bálint syndrome and seven individuals with left-unilateral spatial neglect (USN) to input a digit sequence into a flat touch interface.

Dementia trajectory for patients with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Background: The timing of progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) to severe dementia has not been elucidated. To address this shortcoming, 10 patients with lvPPA were continuously followed.

Methods: Patients were assessed with the annual rate of change in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum of boxes and period from lvPPA onset to the onset of benchmark signs, including mild, moderate, or severe dementia, episodic memory deficits, topographical disorientation, difficulties with using controls for electronic appliances, and conceptual apraxia.

Prognostic factors for long-term improvement from stroke-related aphasia with adequate linguistic rehabilitation.

In the past decade, several studies have reported potential prognostic factors for aphasia after stroke. However, these reports covered no more than 1 year after stroke onset, even though patients often continue to improve over longer periods. The present study included 121 patients with aphasia who received cognitive-based linguistic rehabilitation for at least 2 years post-onset.

Logoclonia might be a Characteristic of Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia at an Advanced Stage: Potential Mechanisms Underlying Logoclonia.

Logoclonia, which is the meaningless repetition of a syllable, particularly an end syllable of a word, has been described in patients with dementia for a century. The mechanisms behind logoclonia, however, have yet to be clarified. Among 914 patients with aphasia, five patients presented with logoclonia, all of whom were categorized as having logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) during the initial stage of their illness and met the clinical criteria for diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease.

Layer-by-layer manipulation of anisotropic nanoblocks: orientation-switched superlattices through orthogonal stacking of a and c directions.

Nanometer-scale switching of the crystallographic orientation enables production of novel superlattices for exploration of new functions. Elaborate multilayered architectures of Mn3O4 nanocuboids were constructed by a convective self-assembly process. The nanometric cuboids were accumulated into orientation-switched superlattices on micrometric scales by controlling the a and c directions of the tetragonal crystal periodically.

Spatial Control of Crystallographic Direction in 2D Microarrays of Anisotropic Nanoblocks on Trenched Substrates.

Elaborate two-dimensional (2D) microarrays of tetragonal MnO nanocuboids 10-20 nm in size were constructed with parallel trenches 500 nm wide and 500 nm deep on a silicon substrate. By adjusting the conditions, including the dispersion medium, particle concentration, and evaporation rate, the a-face and c-face 2D arrays were selectively deposited on the upper and lower stages of the trenches, respectively. The crystallographic direction of the tetragonal crystal was alternately switched in the 2D microarrays under these specific conditions at the optimal particle concentration and evaporation rate.

Semantic memory deficits are associated with pica in individuals with acquired brain injury.

Although pica is one of the most prominent signs in individuals with severe cognitive impairment, the mechanisms and neural basis for pica have not been well elucidated. To address this issue, patients with acquired brain injury who showed pica and hyperorality were investigated. Eleven patients with pica, i.

Orientation-Selective Alignments of Hydroxyapatite Nanoblocks through Epitaxial Attachment in a and c Directions.

Nanometric rods of hydroxyapatite (HA) were aligned in selective crystallographic directions by the alternation of adsorbing molecules. The side and end faces of HA nanorods elongated in the c direction were covered with oleic acid (OA) and tetraoctylammonium (TOA) ions, respectively. Alignment in the c direction of the OA-modified nanorods was produced through epitaxial attachment of the bare end faces in toluene because the side faces were hydrophobized with the negatively charged modifier.

Orientation-selective alignments of nanoblocks in a and c directions of a tetragonal system through molecularly mediated manipulation.

Tetragonal Mn3O4 nanocuboids were aligned in selective crystallographic directions by molecularly mediated manipulation. Alignment in the a direction was produced by a face-by-a face assembly of hydrophobic nanocuboids covered with oleic acid. Another 1D array in the c direction was obtained through c face-to-c face assembly with the replacement of the organic modifiers.

Conductive polymer-mediated 2D and 3D arrays of Mn3O4 nanoblocks and mesoporous conductive polymers as their replicas.

Orientation-controlled 2D and 3D microarrays of Mn3O4 nanocuboids that were mediated by a conductive polymer were fabricated by evaporation-induced self-assembly of the oxide nanoblocks and subsequent polymerization of pyrrole in the interparticle spaces. Free-standing mesoporous polypyrroles (PPy) having chain- and square-grid-like nanovoid arrays were obtained as replicas of the composite assemblies by dissolving the oxide nanoblocks. The PPy-mediated manganese oxide arrays exhibited stable electrochemical performance as an ultrathin anode of a lithium-ion secondary battery.

Effectiveness of Use of Button-Operated Electronic Devices Among Persons With Bálint Syndrome.

Objective: Little is known about how visuospatial deficits affect the use of electronic devices operated by pressing spatially interspersed buttons. This study aimed to determine whether people with Bálint syndrome can effectively use such devices.

Method: We quantified the ability of 7 study participants with Bálint syndrome to use button-operated electronic devices by measuring the time required to input digit sequences into three different types of devices.

Visuospatial working memory is severely impaired in Bálint syndrome patients.

Although it has been proposed that visuospatial working memory may be impaired in Bálint syndrome patients, neither a systematic study concerning this proposal nor a comparison with patients having right-parietal damage has been made. Visuospatial working memory was assessed for six Bálint syndrome patients and members of two control groups-one composed of individuals with right-parietal damage (n = 15) and a second of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (n = 26). We placed special emphasis on patients with a mild form of Bálint syndrome who can judge positional relationships between two objects.

Formation of Monocrystalline 1D and 2D Architectures via Epitaxial Attachment: Bottom-Up Routes through Surfactant-Mediated Arrays of Oriented Nanocrystals.

Monocrystalline architectures with well-defined shapes were achieved by bottom-up routes through epitaxial attachment of Mn3O4 nanocrystals. The crystallographically continuous 1D chains elongated in the a axis and 2D panels having large a or c faces were obtained by removal of the organic mediator from surfactant-mediated 1D and 2D arrays of Mn3O4 nanocrystals, respectively. Our basal approach indicates that the epitaxial attachment through the surfactant-mediated arrays is utilized for fabrication of a wide variety of micrometric architectures from nanometric crystalline units.

Direction control of oriented self-assembly for 1D, 2D, and 3D microarrays of anisotropic rectangular nanoblocks.

Micrometric linear chains (1D arrays), monolayers (2D arrays), and superstructures (3D arrays) of anisotropic Mn3O4 nanocuboids were selectively produced by oriented self-assembly through evaporation of a dispersion. The 1D arrays were basically formed on a substrate via oriented self-assembly of the rectangular crystals in the ⟨100⟩ direction. The 2D and 3D microarrays were obtained by adjusting the particle concentration of the dispersion.

Progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia to apraxia and semantic memory deficits.

Background: Due to the nature of neurodegenerative disorders, patients with primary progressive aphasia develop cognitive impairment other than aphasia as the disorder progresses. The progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), however, has not been well described. In particular, praxic disorders and semantic memory deficits have rarely been reported.