The Tumor Immune Microenvironment Is Associated With Recurrence in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the perioperative setting on the basis of phase 3 trials. However, the characteristics of such patients who are susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy or who are likely to benefit from postoperative immunotherapy have remained unclear.

Methods: This biomarker study (WJOG12219LTR) was designed to evaluate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, CD8 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor mutation burden in completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC with the use of archived DNA and tissue samples from the prospective WJOG4107 trial.

The effect of lobar shifting following right upper lobectomy on postoperative pulmonary function.

Objectives: Lobes occasionally displace after lobectomy, referred to as "lobar shifting". However, the benefits, especially in postoperative pulmonary function, remain controversial. This study aimed to measure the effect of lobar shifting on postoperative pulmonary function especially in the right upper lobe.

Early chest tube removal regardless of drainage volume after anatomic pulmonary resection: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of early chest tube removal after anatomic pulmonary resection, regardless of the drainage volume.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. Patients with greater than 300 mL drainage volume during postoperative day 1 were randomly assigned to group A (tube removed on postoperative day 2) and group B (tube retained until drainage volume ≤300 mL/24 hours).

Lack of Association of Plasma Levels of Soluble Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, Programmed Death-Ligand 1, and CTLA-4 With Survival for Stage II to IIIA NSCLC After Complete Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Introduction: Perioperative treatment in NSCLC has gained marked attention with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Such a paradigm shift has given us additional opportunities to evaluate potential biomarkers in patients with these curable disease stages.

Methods: This study (WJOG12319LTR) was designed as a biomarker study to evaluate whether soluble immune markers were prognostic or predictive on relapse-free survival in patients with stage II to IIIA NSCLC who underwent complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus S-1, which is an oral fluoropyrimidine formulation that consists of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil, or S-1 alone in the previous WJOG4107 study.

Comparison of oncological outcomes between trisegmentectomy and lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer in the left upper division.

Background: The left upper lobe is one of the largest lobes in the lungs and is divided into two anatomical units: the upper division (segments 1+2 and segment 3) and lingula (segments 4 and 5). This anatomical classification is similar to that used for the right upper and middle lobes. Although bilobectomy is not recommended for right upper or middle lobe tumors close to the interlobar plane, lobectomy is often performed for tumors located close to the intersegmental plane in the left upper division.

The dynamic pulmonary functional change after thoracoscopic lower lobe segmentectomy.

Background: The advantages of segmentectomy over lobectomy in sparing pulmonary function remain controversial. Lower lobe segmentectomy is divided into simple segmentectomy, such as segment 6; and complex segmentectomy that includes the basal segments. Here, we compared residual lung function after thoracoscopic segmentectomy versus lobectomy in the lower lobe using the three-dimensional computed tomography volumetric method.

Segmental volumetric analysis with a ventilated or perfused area: identifying the intersegmental plane.

Objectives: Two methods are available to identify the intersegmental plane during segmentectomy: the inflation-deflation method, based on the ventilation area, and injection of indocyanine green, based on the pulmonary arterial distribution. However, whether the intersegmental plane created by these 2 methods matches remains unknown. Our goal was to identify the demarcation lines based on bronchial and arterial territories using 3-dimensional computed tomography-based volumetry.

Segmentectomy versus lobectomy for inner-located small-sized early non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Although segmentectomy is an acceptable alternative to lobectomy for peripheral small-sized non-small-cell lung cancer, the effectiveness of segmentectomy for inner lesions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of segmentectomy in comparison with lobectomy for inner lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 570 patients with small (≤2 cm) cN0 non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy between January 2007 and March 2021.

Resected stage I anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung adenocarcinoma has a negative impact on recurrence-free survival.

Background: The clinical and prognostic implications of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) status in resected lung cancers remain unclear. In this study we analyzed the prognostic and predictive significance of ALK-positive among patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 197 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete surgical resection and had been tested for their ALK status.

The difference in postoperative pulmonary functional change between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Objectives: Through 3-dimensional lung volumetric and morphological analyses, we aimed to evaluate the difference in postoperative functional changes between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Methods: A total of 145 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic upper lobectomy (UL) were matched with 145 patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lower lobectomy (LL) between April 2012 and December 2018, based on their sex, age, smoking history, operation side, and pulmonary function. Spirometry and computed tomography were performed before and 6 months after the operation.

Segmentectomy for Inner Location Small-Sized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Is It Feasible?

Background: The efficacy of segmentectomy for inner small-sized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate whether segmentectomy for inner small-sized NSCLC, defined using a novel 3-dimensional measuring method, yields feasible oncologic outcomes compared with segmentectomy for outer lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with small-sized (<2 cm) cN0 NSCLC who underwent segmentectomy between January 2007 and December 2020.

Pleural invasion, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and carcinoembryonic antigen level affect pleural lavage cytology-positive status in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Pleural invasion (pl) is strongly associated with the pleural lavage cytology (PLC) status. We analysed tumours with pl and evaluated the relationship between the PLC status and pl.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 428 surgically treated patients who had been diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer with pl and had their PLC status examined between 2000 and 2016.

Thoracoscopic left S1 + 2 segmentectomy as a good resolution for preserving pulmonary function.

Objectives: Segmentectomies such as S1 + 2, S1 + 2+3 and S4 + 5 segmentectomy are used to treat patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the left upper lobe. However, the preservable lung volume and changes after such segmentectomies remain unknown. We compared the residual pulmonary function after thoracoscopic segmentectomy or lobectomy in the left upper lobe and examined the efficacy of S1 + 2 segmentectomy regarding postoperative pulmonary function.

[Left Paraganglioma in the Posterior Mediastinum].

A 69-year-old man with hypertension was referred for an abnormal shadow detected on chest computed tomography(CT) at a medical checkup. Enhanced CT showed a highly enhanced posterior mediastinal tumor of 34×27 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images.

Psf3 as a possible biomarker of postoperative chemotherapy for patients with early pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Background: Partner of Sld five 3 (Psf3) is a member of the heterotetrameric complex that consists of SLD5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. We have shown in previous studies that high Psf3 expression was a poor prognostic marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Here, we statistically evaluated the relationship between clinicopathologic factors and Psf3 expression in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Evaluation of the Residual Lung Function After Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy Compared With Lobectomy.

Background: Segmentectomy has shown a beneficial effect on preserving lung function after resection. However, the preservable lung volume and changes after thoracoscopic segmentectomy remain unknown. We compared the residual lung function after thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy, using a novel three-dimensional computed tomography-based volumetric method.

Efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are categorized as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC). We analyzed the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for HGNEC and the prognostic factors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tumor resection and were diagnosed with HGNEC between January 2001 and December 2014.

A rare resected case of pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a well-known neoplasm in children that frequently occurs in the extremities, the head and neck region, and the genitourinary tract. To the best of our knowledge, pulmonary primary rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is exceedingly rare, and few resected cases have been reported. We report a case of pulmonary primary rhabdomyosarcoma that was surgically resected then treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin-D and cyclophosphamide).

Risk factor analysis of cerebral infarction and clinicopathological characteristics of left upper pulmonary vein stump thrombus after lobectomy.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative cerebral infarction (CI) and thrombus formation in the left upper pulmonary vein (PV) stump after lobectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 1670 patients who underwent lobectomy or more intervention, and analyzed the risk factors of postoperative CI. Furthermore, postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) were reviewed in patients who underwent left upper lobectomy (LUL), and risk factors of the thrombus formation in the left upper PV stump were evaluated.

Feasibility of Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease or Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the outcomes of lung resection for lung cancer in patients with cardiac disease, especially coronary artery disease, in a large-scale multi-institutional cohort.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data on 1,254 patients who underwent major lung resection for lung cancer and had been diagnosed with coronary stenosis, atrial fibrillation, or both, in 58 institutions in Japan between January 2009 and December 2011. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality or in-hospital death.