Microbial Diversity in the Edible Gall on White Bamboo Formed by the Interaction between Ustilago esculenta and Zizania latifolia.

An edible gall is formed between the third and fourth nodes beneath the apical meristem near the base of Zizania latifolia shoots. This gall is harbored by and interacts with the smut fungus Ustilago esculenta. The gall is also a valuable vegetable called "white bamboo," jiaobai or gausun in China and makomotake in Japan.

[Anesthetic management for cesarean section involving placenta previa].

Background: There are few consistent anesthetic guidelines how to manage cesarean section in the presence of placenta previa. Main problem may be hemorrhage, as occasionary unexpected massive bleeding leads to life-threatening hemorrhage.

Methods: We investigated retrospectively, covering the period between April 1, 2001 and September 30, 2005, 30 women with placenta previa who had undergone cesarean section.