A forced aeration system for microbial culture of multiple shaken vessels suppresses volatilization.

Shake-flask culture, an aerobic submerged culture, has been used in various applications involving cell cultivation. However, it is not designed for forced aeration. Hence, this study aimed to develop a small-scale submerged shaking culture system enabling forced aeration into the medium.

Erratum to: Development of a circulation direct sampling and monitoring system for O and CO concentrations in the gas-liquid phases of shake‑flask systems during microbial cell culture.

Following publication of the original article (Takahashi et al. 2017), the authors reported that there was a mistake in the legend of Figure 2.

Development of a circulation direct sampling and monitoring system for O and CO concentrations in the gas-liquid phases of shake-flask systems during microbial cell culture.

Monitoring the environmental factors during shake-flask culture of microorganisms can help to optimise the initial steps of bioprocess development. Herein, we developed a circulation direct monitoring and sampling system (CDMSS) that can monitor the behaviour of CO and O in the gas-liquid phases and obtain a sample without interrupting the shaking of the culture in Erlenmeyer flasks capped with breathable culture plugs. Shake-flask culturing of Escherichia coli using this set-up indicated that a high concentration of CO accumulated not only in the headspace (maximum ~100 mg/L) but also in the culture broth (maximum ~85 mg/L) during the logarithmic phase (4.