Finger Abscess Caused by a Black Fungus, .

is a relatively new species of black fungi that can cause infection that primarily affects the skin and soft tissues in humans. Black fungal infection is challenging to diagnose and often needs surgery. However, few studies have reported black fungal and infections in the field of plastic surgery.

Para-alar crescentic subcutaneous pedicle flap for severe stenosis of anterior nares.

Atresia and stenosis of the anterior nares caused by scar contracture is one of the intractable conditions that may arise after facial injury. Using the standard surgical methods, such as mucous membrane and/or skin graft and intranasal local flap, the new nostril has a tendency to restenose. Para-alar crescentic subcutaneous pedicle flap, which was intended to cover the skin defects in and around the philtrum, was applied to treat severe stenosis of the nostril caused by scar contracture.

Forward movement of posterior pharyngeal wall on phonation.

Forward movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall on phonation is divided into 2 types. One is movement of Passavant's ridge, which is a crescent-shaped or shelf-like posterior pharyngeal structure, and the other is generalized forward movement, which is not sharply outlined, of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Although nasopharyngoscopic and multiview videofluoroscopic findings on their movement show that they are markedly different, there are few reports about differentiation between them.