Predictors of life-space mobility in patients with fracture 3 months after discharge from convalescent rehabilitation ward: a prospective longitudinal study.

[Purpose] To identify predictors of life-space mobility in patients with fracture three months after discharge from convalescent rehabilitation ward. [Participants and Methods] This is a prospective longitudinal study that included patients aged 65 or older with a fracture who were scheduled for discharge home from the convalescent rehabilitation ward. Baseline measurements included sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and disease), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, maximum walking speed, the Timed Up & Go test, the Berg Balance Scale, the modified Elderly Mobility Scale, the Functional Independence Measure, the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale, and the Vitality Index up to two weeks before discharge.

De Novo Arteriovenous Malformation after Aneurysm Clipping.

We report a 73-year-old woman with de novo arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that developed in the ipsilateral parietal lobe after craniotomy and aneurysm clipping. While intracerebral AVMs are considered to be congenital lesions, there have been several reported cases of acquired AVM arising after ischemic or traumatic episodes. We summarize previously reported cases of such acquired 'de novo' AVMs with a discussion of some pathophysiological responses or factors suggested to promote their development.

Identification of hemodynamically compromised regions by means of cerebral blood volume mapping utilizing computed tomography perfusion imaging.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in identifying hemodynamically compromised regions in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Twelve patients diagnosed with either occlusion or severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery or the M1 portion of the middle cerebral artery underwent CTP imaging. The data was analyzed by an automated ROI-determining software.

Characteristics of subcortical infarction due to distal MCA penetrating artery occlusion.

Objective: Isolated deep subcortical infarcts develop as a result of occlusion of the penetrating arteries from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the proximal (M1) and distal middle cerebral artery (MCA). However, the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of infarcts due to the occlusion of the distal MCA penetrating artery are unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed within 2days of onset were studied retrospectively.

Correlation between the Occlusion Site and Clinical Outcome after Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: The significance of early mild clinical improvement after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA) treatment is unclear. Therefore, we examined whether the timing of clinical improvement after IVtPA predicted the clinical outcome at 3 months.

Methods: Consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction in the anterior circulation who received IVtPA treatment within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms were enrolled in the study.

Hemodynamic stress distribution reflects ischemic clinical symptoms of patients with moyamoya disease.

Objective: Currently, the probability of diagnosing asymptomatic moyamoya disease is increasing. In this study, we consider a less invasive method for predicting future ischemic symptoms in patients with moyamoya disease.

Methods: We reviewed cerebral blood flow (CBF)-related data obtained by xenon CT imaging (XeCT) in six patients with ischemic-type or asymptomatic moyamoya disease.

Prediction of cerebrovascular reserve capacity by computed tomography perfusion using 320-row computed tomography.

Background: Acetazolamide loading has been the "gold standard" for evaluating cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC). However, life-threatening side effects of acetazolamide have recently been reported. The aim of the study was to identify alternative methods for evaluating CVRC.

Comparison of cerebral blood flow data obtained by computed tomography (CT) perfusion with that obtained by xenon CT using 320-row CT.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) data obtained by computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging have been shown to be qualitative data rather than quantitative, in contrast with data obtained by other imaging methods, such as xenon CT (XeCT) imaging. Thus, interpatient comparisons of CBF values themselves obtained by CTP may be inaccurate. In this study, we have compared CBF ratios as well as CBF values obtained from CTP-CBF data to those obtained from XeCT-CBF data for the same patients to determine CTP-CBF parameters that can be used for interpatient comparisons.

Usefulness of Preoperative Surgical Simulation with Three-Dimensional Fusion Images for Resection of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Near Broca's Area.

Treating subcortical brain lesions in or near eloquent areas is challenging not only because lesions must be resected while preserving brain tissue involved in essential functions, but also because lesions often cannot be easily identified from the surface of the brain. Here, we report 2 cases of cerebral cavernous malformations near Broca's area. In both cases, lesions were surgically removed by utilizing three-dimensional fusion images created using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography data.

Neurenteric cysts found on the outer membrane of a subdural haematoma.

We report on a patient initially diagnosed with a chronic subdural haematoma that was resistant to treatment. After the second burr hole craniostomy within a half month failed to resolve the subdural haematoma (SDH), we performed a craniotomy to identify the point of bleeding. Macroscopic evaluation showed that most of the outer membrane of the SDH was transparent; however, further examination revealed the presence of multiple white regions.

Severe parkinsonism following endoscopic third ventriculostomy for non-communicating hydrocephalus--case report.

A 23-year-old male with non-communicating hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation was treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) after repeated ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage and removal of ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to infection. Postoperatively, the patient developed robust rigidity and akinesia with mutism, suggesting secondary parkinsonism. These symptoms showed marked improvement after administration of levodopa, and were not aggravated after discontinuation.

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.

A 49-year-old woman presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from an aneurysm associated with a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) manifesting as sudden onset of headache, but without neurological deficits. Conventional computed tomography (CT) of her head showed no abnormality but lumbar tap indicated SAH. Three-dimensional (3D)-CT angiography showed a PPHA originating from the internal carotid artery and an aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the junction with the remnant hypoplastic vertebral artery.

[A case of carotid stenting via the transbrachial approach in the bovine arch].

We report our experience in carotid stenting via the transbrachial approach in patients with anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery, the so-called bovine arch, in which both the right common carotid artery and the left common carotid artery arise from the brachiocephalic artery. Via percutaneous access to the right brachial artery, a 6Fr Shuttle sheath is advanced into the aortic arch to cannulate the left common carotid artery. A Guardwire distal-protection balloon is positioned within the left internal carotid artery distal to the stenosis.