Vibrio gallicus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the French abalone Haliotis tuberculata.

Five alginolytic, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA data indicated that these strains are related to Vibrio wodanis, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio logei and Vibrio fischeri (but with <97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization and fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting demonstrated that the five strains constituted a single species that was different from all currently known vibrios.

Temperature and nutrient availability control growth rate and fatty acid composition of facultatively psychrophilic Cobetia marina strain L-2.

A facultative psychrophilic bacterium, strain L-2, that grows at 0 and 5 degrees C as minimum growth temperatures in complex and defined media, respectively, was isolated. On the basis of taxonomic studies, strain L-2 was identified as Cobetia marina. The adaptability of strain L-2 to cold temperature was higher than that of the type strain and of other reported strains of the same species.

Vibrio superstes sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Australian abalones Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra.

Five alginolytic, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the gut of abalones Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA data indicated that these strains are related closely to Vibrio halioticoli (98 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting demonstrated that the five strains constituted a single species that was different from all currently known vibrios.

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism and repetitive extragenic palindrome-PCR fingerprinting reveal host-specific genetic diversity of Vibrio halioticoli-like strains isolated from the gut of Japanese abalone.

When analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism and repetitive extragenic palindrome-PCR fingerprinting, a total of 47 Vibrio halioticoli strains isolated from four Japanese abalone species and one turban shell species formed three clusters that roughly reflect the different species of host abalone from which they were isolated. The V. halioticoli isolates from turban shells were distributed evenly among the clusters.

Adsorption and Infectivity of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) with Various Solids.

Adsorption of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to sea sand, Japanese acid clay, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, quartz sand, chitin, cellulose powder, ion exchange hydrophobic Toyopeal and Cellulofine, alundum, active carbon, silica gel, glass, plastic, and bacterial cells was studied. The IHNV adsorbed to several clays (kaolin, bentonite, Japanese acid clay) and diatomaceous earth in sterilized water with a wide range of pH (5-11) at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/mL. Except for bentonite, infectivity of clay-adsorbed IHNV persisted for as long as 9 weeks.