Simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and potassium as magnesium potassium phosphate from synthetic sewage sludge effluent.

Bench-scale experiments were performed to investigate simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and potassium from synthetic sewage sludge effluent as crystals of magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP or struvite-(K), MgKPO·6HO). The optimal pH of MPP formation was 11.5.

Deconjugation characteristics of natural estrogen conjugates by acid-catalyzed solvolysis and its application for wastewater samples.

Deconjugation reactions of natural estrogen conjugates were studied here by three different solutions of 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) in methanol. Estrogen sulfates could be easily deconjugated even at low temperature, while deconjugation conditions of estrogen glucuronides required a higher temperature and longer time. For 1 M HCl in methanol with 8% water, the deconjugation efficiencies of the three studied estrogen glucuronides were below 59.

Profile and removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals by using an ER/AR competitive ligand binding assay and chemical analyses.

An estrogen receptor (ER)/androgen receptor (AR) ligand competitive binding assay (ER/AR-binding assay) and chemical analyses were used to evaluate the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) behavior of two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (K and S). In the influents, estrone (E1), androsterone (A), androstenedione (AD), BPA (bisphenol A), NP (nonylphenol) and daidzein (DZ) were detected in high amounts with subsequent 24 h-average concentrations of 350, 1000, 29, 1300, 3900, and 5700 ng/L in K-WWTP and of 310, 620, 59, 1600, 2600, and 8400 ng/L in S-WWTP. The estrogenic (androgenic) activity as 17beta-estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQ) or testosterone (Te) equivalents (TEQ) was consequently 620 ng E2/L (570 ng Te/L) and 580 ng E2/L (800 ng Te/L) for the two WWTPs.

Urinary excretion rates of natural estrogens and androgens from humans, and their occurrence and fate in the environment: a review.

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are pollutants with estrogenic or androgenic activities at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. For sewage of municipal wastewater treatment plants in cities, one of the most important sources of EDCs are natural estrogens and natural androgens (NEAs) excreted from humans. Therefore, estrogenic/androgenic potencies or relative binding affinity of the NEAs were first outlined from different sources, and data of urinary excretion rates of NEAs were summarized.

A review of phytoestrogens: their occurrence and fate in the environment.

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with estrogenic activities. Many edible plants, some of which are common in the human diet, are rich in phytoestrogens. Almost all phytoestrogens eaten daily by people were reported partly recovered in urine or feces, which can be regarded as one of the main sources of their occurrence in municipal wastewaters.

Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment - physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review.

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are pollutants with estrogenic or androgenic activity at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Within the past few decades, more and more target chemicals were monitored as the source of estrogenic or androgenic activity in wastewater, and great endeavors have been done on the removal of EDCs in wastewater. This article reviewed removal of EDCs from three aspects, that is, physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation (CAO).