Molecular Mobility of Polyrotaxane Surfaces Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Polyrotaxane is a supramolecular assembly consisting of multiple cyclic molecules threaded by a linear polymer. One of the unique properties of polyrotaxane is molecular mobility, cyclic molecules moving along the linear polymer. Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces affects cell spreading, differentiation, and other cell-related aspects through changing subcellular localization of yes-associated proteins (YAPs).

Suppressed Migration and Enhanced Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Human Cancer Cell Lines by Tuning the Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Biomaterials.

Cancer cells recognize physical cues transmitted from the surrounding microenvironment, and accordingly alter the migration and chemosensitivity. Cell adhesive biomaterials with tunable physical properties can contribute to the understanding of cancer cell responses, and development of new cancer therapies. Previously, it was reported that polyrotaxane-based surfaces with molecular mobility effectively modulate cellular functions via the yes-associated protein (YAP)-related signaling pathway.

Supramolecular Surface Coatings with Acetylated Polyrotaxane-Based Triblock Copolymers for Thermal Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Fabrication of Cell Sheets.

Polyrotaxanes (PRXs) containing acetylated α-cyclodextrins exhibit a temperature-dependent phase transition in aqueous solutions across their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of approximately 26.6 °C. To gain insights into the interactions of acetylated PRXs (Ac-PRXs) with biological components, thermoresponsive supramolecular surfaces were prepared by coating tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) surfaces with Ac-PRX triblock copolymers, and their surface properties across the LCST were evaluated.

Independent Roles of Molecular Mobility and Zeta Potential on Supramolecular Surfaces in the Sequence of RAW264.7 Macrophage Responses.

Surface properties of biomaterials affect the morphologies and inflammatory responses of macrophages. Recently, biomaterial design utilizing these properties has been explored to build a scaffold for balancing the immune system in vivo. In the present study, polyrotaxane surfaces with different functional groups including methyl, amino, and sulfo groups are utilized to clarify the effect of molecular mobility and zeta potential of these surfaces on RAW264.

Phototethering of Collagen onto Polyetheretherketone Surfaces to Enhance Osteoblastic and Endothelial Performance.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a candidate material for bone implants as an alternative to metals. However, PEEK exhibits poor osseointegration and low endothelial compatibility. This study demonstrates the phototethering of collagen onto PEEK surfaces to facilitate osteoblastic and vascular endothelial performance.

Preservation of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor activity on heparin-modified poly(-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted surfaces.

A heparin-modified poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm)-grafted surface bound with heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) was able to culture hepatocytes maintaining high albumin secretion and high expression of hepatocyte-specific genes. However, the activity of HB-EGF on the surface and its binding effects on hepatocytes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the temperature-dependent interactions of HB-EGF and EGF receptor (EGFR) with heparin-modified PIPAAm to evaluate the activity of HB-EGF on the surface.

Synergy of molecularly mobile polyrotaxane surfaces with endothelial cell co-culture for mesenchymal stem cell mineralization.

Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the treatment of bone defects. Since regeneration of bone tissue takes a long time, promoting osteogenesis of stem cells is desired for earlier recovery from dysfunctions caused by bone defects. Here, we combined endothelial cell co-culture using the molecularly mobile sulfonated polyrotaxane (PRX) surfaces to enhance the mineralization of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs).

Post-Cross-Linking of Collagen Hydrogels by Carboxymethylated Polyrotaxanes for Simultaneously Improving Mechanical Strength and Cell Proliferation.

To improve the mechanical properties of collagen hydrogels, which are widely utilized as biomaterials, post-cross-linking of collagen hydrogels was performed using polyrotaxane (PRX) as a cross-linker. Herein, carboxymethyl group-modified PRXs (CMPRs) composed of carboxymethylated α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) threaded along poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) capped with bulky stoppers were used to cross-link via reaction with the amino groups in the collagen. Four series of CMPRs with different α-CD threading ratios and axle PEG molecular weights were used for the post-cross-linking of the collagen hydrogels to verify the optimal CMPR chemical compositions.

Tissue Adhesion-Anisotropic Polyrotaxane Hydrogels Bilayered with Collagen.

Hydrogels are promising materials in tissue engineering scaffolds for healing and regenerating damaged biological tissues. Previously, we developed supramolecular hydrogels using polyrotaxane (PRX), consisting of multiple cyclic molecules threaded by an axis polymer for modulating cellular responses. However, since hydrogels generally have a large amount of water, their adhesion to tissues is extremely weak.

Improved epithelial cell-cell adhesion using molecular mobility of supramolecular surfaces.

Cells can sense the surrounding microenvironmental properties including contact with biomaterials. Although cell fates in response to the physical properties of cell-adhesive materials have been widely reported, their influence on cell-cell adhesion is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of molecular mobility on polyrotaxane surfaces in epithelial cell-cell adhesion.

Delayed Senescence of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Biointerfaces.

Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo signaling pathway, has been widely implicated in vascular aging and diseases. For preventing vascular endothelial cell senescence, the design and development of biomaterials to regulate YAP activity are required. This study prepares polyrotaxane-coated surfaces with molecular mobility and clarifies the role of the mobility on vascular endothelial cell senescence through Hippo-YAP signaling.

Evaluation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Light and Heat Polymerized UDMA for DLP 3D Printer.

The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using a DLP 3D printer to fabricate a crown using scan data before tooth preparation, and to investigate the effect of additional heat curing on the mechanical properties of the urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based 3D printed crown. A silicone fitting test was used to evaluate the internal adaptation of the crown. For ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the specimens were tested after 24 h storage in water at 37 °C or after 10,000 thermal cycles (TC) between 5-55 °C.

Surface-tethering of methylated polyrotaxanes with 4-vinylbenzyl groups onto poly(ether ether ketone) substrates for improving osteoblast compatibility.

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic used for several industrial applications due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, the use of PEEK is limited to dental materials because of its poor implant-bone integration. In the present study, methylated polyrotaxanes (MePRXs) with 4-vinylbenzyl groups, which are supermolecules composed of methylated α-cyclodextrins and poly(ethylene glycol) chains end-capped with 4-vinylbenzyl groups, were covalently tethered onto PEEK surfaces using photo-induced polymerization to improve their osteoblast compatibility.

Dual effect of molecular mobility and functional groups of polyrotaxane surfaces on the fate of mesenchymal stem cells.

Polyrotaxanes are supramolecular assemblies consisting of cyclic molecules (e.g., α-cyclodextrins) and linear polymer chains (e.

Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane-based biointerfaces alters inflammatory responses and polarization in Kupffer cell lines.

A polyrotaxane is a supramolecular system composed of a linear polymer (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol): PEG) chain with bulky groups at both ends that threads through the cavities of multiple macrocyclic molecules (e.

Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration.

Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment.

Polyrotaxanes as emerging biomaterials for tissue engineering applications: a brief review.

The field of tissue engineering and regeneration constantly explores the possibility of utilizing various biomaterials' properties to achieve effective and uneventful tissue repairs. Polyrotaxanes (PRXs) are supramolecular assemblies, which possess interesting mechanical property at a molecular scale termed as molecular mobility. This molecular mobility could be utilized to stimulate various cellular mechanosignaling elements, thereby altering the cellular functions.

Biological Effects of Polyrotaxane Surfaces on Cellular Responses of Fibroblast, Preosteoblast and Preadipocyte Cell Lines.

Biointerfaces based on polyrotaxane (PRX), consisting of α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) threaded on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain, are promising functionalized platforms for culturing cells. PRXs are characterized by the molecular mobility of constituent molecules where the threading α-CDs can move and rotate along the PEG chain. Taking advantage of this mobility, we have previously succeeded in demonstrating the regulation of cellular responses, such as cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

Polyrotaxane-based biointerfaces with dynamic biomaterial functions.

The molecular mobility of cyclic molecules (e.g.α-cyclodextrins) threaded along a linear polymer chain (e.

Mobility Tuning of Polyrotaxane Surfaces to Stimulate Myocyte Differentiation.

Polyrotaxanes, consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) and α-cyclodextrins, are mechanically interlocked supermolecules. The structure allows α-cyclodextrins to move along the polymer, referred to as molecular mobility. Here, polyrotaxane-based triblock copolymers, composed of polyrotaxanes with different degrees of methylation and poly(benzyl methacrylate) at both terminals, are coated on culture surfaces to fabricate dynamic biointerfaces for myocyte differentiation.

Cellular Orientation on Repeatedly Stretching Gelatin Hydrogels with Supramolecular Cross-Linkers.

The cytocompatibility of biological and synthetic materials is an important issue for biomaterials. Gelatin hydrogels are used as biomaterials because of their biodegradability. We have previously reported that the mechanical properties of gelatin hydrogels are improved by cross-linking with polyrotaxanes, a supramolecular compound composed of many cyclic molecules threaded with a linear polymer.

Sulfonated Polyrotaxane Surfaces with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Alter the Osteogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Short-Term Culture.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are prone to senescence and lose their differentiation potential when expanded under nonfavorable conditions. This leads to the underutilization of hMSCs in clinical situations such as bone regeneration. The use of growth factors and small molecules as supplements and changing the physical properties of the cell culture surface have been explored to maintain the self-renewal and differentiation potential of hMSCs during the in vitro expansion phase.

Mechanically Reinforced Gelatin Hydrogels by Introducing Slidable Supramolecular Cross-Linkers.

Tough mechanical properties are generally required for tissue substitutes used in regeneration of damaged tissue, as these substitutes must be able to withstand the external physical force caused by stretching. Gelatin, a biopolymer derived from collagen, is a biocompatible and cell adhesive material, and is thus widely utilized as a component of biomaterials. However, the application of gelatin hydrogels as a tissue substitute is limited owing to their insufficient mechanical properties.

Investigating How Organic Solvents Affect Tissue Culture Polystyrene Surfaces through Responses of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Polymer coating of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) surfaces promotes their biofunctionality, which can aid manipulation of cellular functions. However, the effect of the solvent used for polymer coating is yet to be elucidated. In this study, solvent-treated TCPS surfaces using water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide are fabricated.

Suspending Polyrotaxane Dissociation via Photo-Reversible Capping of Terminals.

Reversible covalent bonds yield polymeric materials with functional characteristics such as self-healing, shape memory, stress relaxation, and stimuli-responsiveness. Here, photo-reversibly cappable polyrotaxanes are designed and the on-off controlled dissociation of their supramolecular architectures is demonstrated. The polyrotaxanes are synthesized by capping dithiobenzoates at both terminals of polyethylene glycol threaded through multiple α-cyclodextrins.