TGF-β Promotes the Proliferation of Microglia In Vitro.

The activation and proliferation of microglia is characteristic of the early stages of brain pathologies. In this study, we aimed to identify a factor that promotes microglial activation and proliferation and examined the in vitro effects on these processes. We cultured microglial cell lines, EOC 2 and SIM-A9, with various growth factors and evaluated cell proliferation, death, and viability.

Neurotensin receptor 1 is a new therapeutic target for human undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma growth.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is the second most common soft tissue sarcoma. For patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, chemotherapies are considered, but in many cases they are not curative. There is a need to identify specific molecular dysregulations that can be therapeutic targets.

Tranilast enhances the effect of anticancer agents in osteosarcoma.

Tranilast [N‑(3',4'‑dimethoxycinnamoyl)‑anthranilic acid], initially developed as an antiallergic drug, also exhibits a growth inhibitory effect on various types of cancer. Osteosarcoma is treated mainly with high‑dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide; however, 20‑30% of patients cannot be cured of metastatic disease. We investigated whether tranilast enhances the anticancer effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and analyzed its mechanism of action in osteosarcomas.

Synergistic effect of arsenic trioxide, vismodegib and temozolomide on glioblastoma.

The treatment of glioblastoma is a critical health issue, owing to its resistance to chemotherapy. The current standard of treatment is surgical resection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment. Long‑term local treatment of glioblastoma is rarely achieved and the majority of the patients undergo relapse.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 inhibits undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma growth via downregulation of FOS-like antigen 1.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is the second most frequent soft tissue sarcoma. Because of its resistance to chemotherapy, UPS patients are treated with surgical resection and complementary radiotherapy. However, since standard chemotherapy has not been established, unresectable or metastatic cases result in a poor prognosis.

Hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis associated with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 infection and Sjogren's syndrome: A case report and brief literature review.

Introduction: Reports of hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis associated with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection and Sjogren's syndrome in the English literature are still very rare.

Presentation Of Case: We hereby present a case of a 78-year-old female with a history of lower extremity weakness after a fall, which fully resolved after conservative treatment. However, the symptoms recurred 4 years later, and the patient became unable to walk.

Intraoperative evaluation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte during second-stage revision surgery promote overdiagnosis of persistent periprosthetic joint infection.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative histopathological examination could predict the risk of relapse of infection in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).

Methods: The study included 25 patients (14 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 67.0 years (range, 37-83 years)), who had two-staged revision surgery for a PJI.

Inhibition of casein kinase 2 prevents growth of human osteosarcoma.

High-dose chemotherapy and surgical treatment have improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. However, more than 20% of patients with osteosarcoma still have a poor prognosis. We investigated the expression and function of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in osteosarcoma growth.

Combination of Hedgehog inhibitors and standard anticancer agents synergistically prevent osteosarcoma growth.

High-dose chemotherapy and surgical intervention have improved long-term prognosis for non-metastatic osteosarcoma to 50-80%. However, metastatic osteosarcoma exhibits resistance to standard chemotherapy. We and others have investigated the function of Hedgehog pathway in osteosarcoma.

All-cellulose and all-wood composites by partial dissolution of cotton fabric and wood in ionic liquid.

After cotton fabric (CF) and hinoki lumber (HL) were dipped in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) at 100 °C, the BMIMCl-impregnated CF and HL were hot-pressed to give CF-BMIMCl and HL-BMIMCl composites, respectively. The BMIMCl contained in the composites was removed by Soxhlet extraction, and subsequently annealed to produce all-cellulose and all-wood composites (CF-A and HL-A). The SEM analyses revealed that cellulose fibers combined together for CF-A and the surface of HL-A became smooth, respectively.

Pathological femoral fractures due to osteomalacia associated with adefovir dipivoxil treatment for hepatitis B: a case report.

Unlabelled: We present a case of a 62-year-old man who underwent total hip arthroplasty for treatment of pathologic femoral neck fracture associated with adefovir dipivoxil-induced osteomalacia. He had a 13-month history of bone pain involving his shoulders, hips, and knee. He received adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection for 5 years before the occurrence of femoral neck fracture.

Transbronchial biopsy is clinically useful in classifying patients with interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

Background And Objective: The histological type of intraluminal fibrosis is an important prognostic factor for interstitial pneumonia. We therefore examined whether transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens are useful for predicting the clinical course and prognosis of patients with interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM), with particular attention to the different types of intraluminal fibrosis.

Methods: Twenty-five cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with PM/DM were classified according to the pattern of intraluminal fibrosis as assessed by TBLB, and the clinical course and response to treatment were compared.

Late-onset fatal Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome following cord blood cell transplantation for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A 43-year-old Japanese woman underwent unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) during remission for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4; 11)(q21;q23). Tacrolimus was given for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. The posttransplantation clinical course was mostly uneventful, and the leukemia remained in remission.

[A case of multicentric Castleman disease showing diffuse cystic change in the lung].

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea and chest X-ray abnormality. She was given a diagnosis of bronchial asthma 3 years previously. She had received medical treatment, but her dyspnea did not improve.