Publications by authors named "Yoshinobu Saito"

Background: Bortezomib (BTZ), a selective 26 S proteasome inhibitor, is clinically useful in treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. BTZ exerts its antitumor effect by suppressing nuclear factor-B in myeloma cells, promoting endothelial cell apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Despite its success, pulmonary complications, such as capillary leak syndrome of the vascular hyperpermeability type, were reported prior to its approval.

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  • - A study investigated the effects of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX) treatment on patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF), who typically have a poor prognosis.
  • - Results showed a survival rate of 65% at day 28 after PMX treatment, which is significantly higher than the usual 40% survival rate seen with conventional treatments.
  • - The study concluded that PMX treatment is safe and potentially improves oxygenation and overall prognosis for AE-IPF patients.
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  • A female patient experienced multiple intestinal perforations in her thirties and, after being evaluated at age 52, was diagnosed with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) due to her family history of related conditions.
  • Following her diagnosis, she developed severe vascular issues, including external iliac artery dissection, along with lung complications that were identified via a CT scan.
  • The patient also suffered from a rare type of pulmonary disease (MAC), which was treated successfully with antibiotics, leading to improvement in her respiratory symptoms.
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Background: Digital peer support, defined as peer support delivered through technology such as smartphone apps, may be promising to promote activity in the form of step counts. Interactions among users have a positive impact on retention rates, and apps with social elements show significant improvements in daily step count. However, the feasibility of digital peer support in promoting physical activity (PA) is unknown; therefore, its effectiveness on step count and the clinical implications remain unconfirmed.

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Aim: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even with nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. We evaluated risk factors for HCC development, including serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen level, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) level, a predictor of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Methods: We collected clinical data and stored serum from CHB patients without a history of HCC who were receiving nucleos(t)ide analog treatment for more than 1 year and whose HBV DNA level was less than 3.

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Background: Sarcopenia and frailty often worsen in older adults because of declines in activities of daily living and social connections that are associated with chronic diseases and traumatic injuries such as falls and fractures. Exercise intervention for sarcopenia can take >3 months to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed. Thus, a specialized intervention system for shorter periods of time is needed.

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We herein report an autopsy case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple cerebral infarctions induced by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (STSS) in an 84-year-old male. Pathological examination revealed sepsis with hemophagocytosis in the reticular system and intravascular bacteria in multiple organs, originating from bacterial necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremities.

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Objectives: Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic.

Design: Scoping review.

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Aim: Some studies have reported a higher incidence of falls during winter with similar proportions of indoor and outdoor falls. We investigated the relationship between indoor temperature during winter and falls at home in the past year among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 964 individuals of ≥65 years of age in Japan.

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  • A recent study explored the use of serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) who need closer follow-up for liver cancer.
  • Researchers analyzed GDF15 levels in over 500 MASLD patients and found that high levels were linked to increased liver cancer risk, regardless of fibrosis stage or standard risk indicators like the Fib-4 index.
  • The findings suggest that GDF15 could be a convenient and effective indicator for determining which MASLD patients should undergo regular monitoring for liver cancer, thus potentially improving patient outcomes.
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Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer development, partly due to the tissue environment of metabolic disorder-related inflammation. We aimed to detect a tissue environment marker triggered by obesity-related metabolic disorders related to pancreatic cancer progression. In murine experiments, Bl6/j mice fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were orthotopically injected with mPKC1, a murine-derived pancreatic cancer cell line.

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A 74-year-old woman, who had been receiving olaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer for more than a year, visited the emergency department complaining of a fever that had lasted for 1 month. She had been taking antipyretics and antibiotics for her fever, but without any effect. Although she had no symptoms other than fever, she had stopped taking olaparib for 1 week before her visit because she had developed anemia caused by myelosuppression from olaparib.

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Background: The data on bosentan were lacking for the treatment of exercise-induced elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (eePAP) or less severe PH in COPD. This study was conducted to investigate long-term efficacy and safety of bosentan for the treatment of eePAP or less severe PH in COPD.

Methods: COPD patients diagnosed at this hospital as having COPD (WHO functional class II, III or IV) with eePAP or less severe PH whose respiratory symptoms were stable but remained and gradually progressed even after COPD therapy were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either bosentan or no PH treatment for two years and assessed at baseline and every 6 months for respiratory failure, activities of daily living (ADL), lung and heart functions by right heart catheterization (RHC), and other parameters.

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  • * Patients with SRIF tend to be younger, heavy smokers, showing specific lung abnormalities on imaging like ground-glass opacities and fibrosis.
  • * The exact mechanisms behind how smoking leads to SRIF are unclear, highlighting the need for more research, particularly on the role of specific immune cells known as smoker's macrophages in its development and potential treatments.
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Background: Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor used as an antineoplastic drug, is associated with a remarkably high incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The clinical and pathological characteristics of ILD caused by everolimus have not been thoroughly investigated; therefore, we aimed to elucidate the features of everolimus-associated ILD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who received everolimus for cancer treatment at our hospital.

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  • - The study focuses on drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD), aiming to identify specific biomarkers to enhance clinical management and improve drug development outcomes.
  • - Researchers discovered that serum levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid were significantly higher in acute DILD patients compared to other lung disease patients and healthy controls, suggesting these could serve as effective diagnostic markers.
  • - The findings indicate a potential relationship between increased kynurenine levels and inflammation, with experiments showing that certain inflammatory conditions can activate the kynurenine pathway in macrophages, contributing to elevated biomarker levels in DILD.
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Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between psychological distress and leisure-time exercise/socioeconomic status by age group, using data from a cohort study in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among participants in the ME-BYO cohort, aged 20-85 years, living or working in Kanagawa, Japan. A questionnaire was disseminated to 1,573 participants (51.

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Background: Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (ILD/pneumonitis) has been identified as a drug-related adverse event of special interest of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), but there were a few reports of T-DXd-related ILD/pneumonitis in clinical practice.

Methods: Between May 25, 2020 (the launch of T-DXd in Japan) and February 24, 2022, there were 287 physician-reported potential ILD/pneumonitis cases from the Japanese post-marketing all-case surveillance. By February 27, 2022, an independent adjudication committee assessed 138 cases and adjudicated 130 cases as T-DXd-related ILD/pneumonitis.

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Pulmonary involvement associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a rare extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we herein presented two cases. Case 1: 53-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with mesalazine and azathioprine. Pulmonary nodular shadows were incidentally detected on chest imaging, and revealed granulomas through transbronchial lung biopsy.

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  • The study explores how mechanical stretch contributes to fibrosis, particularly in the lungs, by increasing the expression of a protein called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).
  • Researchers found that lung hyperextension from ventilators raised CTGF levels in mice, and similar results were seen in human lung cells (A549) under mechanical stretch.
  • The drug pirfenidone effectively reduced CTGF levels and associated signaling pathways, suggesting its potential as a treatment targeting the mechanisms leading to lung fibrosis.
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  • * The ME-BYO index was created in 2019 to numerically assess individual health across four key areas: metabolic function, locomotor function, cognitive function, and mental resilience.
  • * Ongoing research aims to validate the ME-BYO index and create a practical application for health management using data from a large cohort study, enhancing personalized health strategies in aging.
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Background & Aims: Despite recent progress, long-term survival remains low for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most effective HCC therapies target the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and there are almost no therapies that directly target tumor cells. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of tumor cell-expressed Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in HCC.

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