[Study of Combined Small Cell Lung Cancer].

Objective: Combined small cell lung cancer is the only subtype of small cell lung cancer and is a relatively rare histology. However, its histopathological and molecular biological characteristics are not well understood to date.

Methods: There were 512 surgical resections for lung cancer performed in our department from June 1, 2019 to June 1, 2023.

Characteristics of Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma.

Invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) is a type of malignant tumor with slow growth and good prognosis. The study was a single center retrospective study. The percentage of ICC among patients diagnosed with breast cancer was 0.

Breast cancer with biomarker reversal during the course of treatment: a case report.

During breast cancer recurrence, drug therapy is planned based on the biological characteristics of the primary tumor. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes have not yet been clarified. A 59-year-old woman underwent breast cancer surgery 23 years previously and received postoperative hormone therapy for 2 years.

Cytokine release syndrome following durvalumab and tremelimumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report with cytokine and damage-associated molecular pattern analysis.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that causes fatal circulatory failure due to hypercytokinemia, and subsequent immune cell hyperactivation caused by therapeutic agents, pathogens, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, CRS has emerged as a rare, but significant, immune-related adverse event linked to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, several previous studies suggested that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) could be involved in malignancy-related CRS.

Prediction of the binding mechanism of a selective DNA methyltransferase 3A inhibitor by molecular simulation.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that introduces a methyl group at the C5 position of cytosine. This reaction is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and is essential for the regulation of gene transcription. The DNMT1 and DNMT3A or -3B family proteins are known targets for the inhibition of DNA hypermethylation in cancer cells.

Fistula Closure Using a Vastus Lateralis Skin Valve for Esophagobronchial Fistula Occurring During Preoperative Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

An esophagobronchial fistula, an abnormal passageway formed between the esophagus and bronchus, can cause severe respiratory symptoms. This fistula is a complication that can occur during chemoradiotherapy for esophageal and lung cancers; however, to our knowledge, no esophagobronchial fistulas during preoperative chemotherapy for lung cancer have been reported. The patient was a 55-year-old man whose chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass on the dorsal bronchus and right side of the esophagus.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing lung cancer complicated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case report.

No reports on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing lung cancer associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. A 73-year-old man was referred to our department to undergo surgery for lung cancer in the right upper lobe. His examination results suggested that his condition was caused by an elevated white blood cell count and an increased inflammatory response due to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production.

Site Identification and Next Choice Protocol for Hit-to-Lead Optimization.

Time efficiency and cost savings are major challenges in drug discovery and development. In this process, the hit-to-lead stage is expected to improve efficiency because it primarily exploits the trial-and-error approach of medicinal chemists. This study proposes a site identification and next choice (SINCHO) protocol to improve the hit-to-lead efficiency.

Surgical Resection of a Pneumothorax in an Adult Patient With a History of Wilson-Mikity Syndrome Diagnosed in Childhood.

Wilson-Mikity syndrome (WMS) is a rare condition characterized by various respiratory and pulmonary abnormalities in neonates and infants. However, the diagnosis is based on the findings of physiological tests, such as respiratory function tests. Reports describing the histopathological features of WMS are limited.

Anxiety and its risk factors among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing COVID-19 situation: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: In the context of collective efforts taken in Japan to control the spread of COVID-19, the state of emergency and social distancing have caused a negative impact on the mental health of all residents, including foreign communities in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anxiety and its associated factors among non-Japanese residents residing in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A web-based survey in 13 languages was conducted among non-Japanese residents living in Japan during the COVID-19 situation.

Ectopic epipericardial fat necrosis: a case report.

Background: Epipericardial fat necrosis (EFN) is a rare disease in which local inflammation and necrosis occur in the adipose tissue surrounding the heart, particularly epicardial fat. Few cases of EFN in which surgical resection was performed have been reported. We report a case of EFN after surgical resection of a right extrapulmonary tumor, in which a malignant disease could not be excluded.

The Caloric Test Is More Consistent With the Presence of Endolymphatic Hydrops Than the Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Test in Meniere's Disease.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and vestibular and cochlear function test results in patients with definite Meniere's disease and confirmed endolymphatic hydrops. Methods Among 70 consecutive patients diagnosed with definite Meniere's disease, 49 underwent contrast-enhanced 3-T inner ear MRI. The patients also underwent pure-tone audiometry, glycerol, caloric, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests.

Primary Chondrosarcoma of the Right Fourth Rib Resected at the Marginal Margin: A Case Report.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the ribs is relatively rare, and its basic treatment is surgical resection. In cases with positive resection margins, additional resection is considered, but its indications are unclear. However, reported cases with positive resection margins have been limited.

Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in dependence and abuse liability of alcohol.

Background: Alcohol is a major abused drug worldwide that contributes substantially to health and social problems. These problems result from acute alcohol overuse as well as chronic use, leading to alcohol use disorder (AUD). A major goal of this field is to establish a treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence in patients with AUD.

AAp-MSMD: Amino Acid Preference Mapping on Protein-Protein Interaction Surfaces Using Mixed-Solvent Molecular Dynamics.

Peptides have attracted much attention recently owing to their well-balanced properties as drugs against protein-protein interaction (PPI) surfaces. Molecular simulation-based predictions of binding sites and amino acid residues with high affinity to PPI surfaces are expected to accelerate the design of peptide drugs. Mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MSMD), which adds probe molecules or fragments of functional groups as solutes to the hydration model, detects the binding hotspots and cryptic sites induced by small molecules.

The Add-On Effect of Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Regimens for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: The addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for anti-human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer has shown a significant improvement in the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. However, the add-on effect of an anthracycline-based regimen (standard-of-care regimen) remains unclear. In this retrospective, observational study, participants received pertuzumab combination therapy as NAC for HER2-positive primary breast cancer.

Surgical Treatment of Secondary Pneumothorax-Complicated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Introduction: To investigate the feasibility of early surgical treatment and perioperative steroid use in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) complicated by pneumothorax.

Methods: We retrospectively examined data, including patient characteristics, laboratory findings, surgical treatment details, postoperative complications, and deaths, of nine patients with ILD complicated by secondary pneumothorax. The patients had been treated at our hospital during the past 10 years.

Radiation-Associated Breast Angiosarcoma.

Radiation-associated breast angiosarcomas are rare following breast-conserving surgery. These angiosarcomas are considered adverse events associated with radiation therapy and are characterized by a high risk of both local and distant recurrence, even after complete resection. Despite this, there is currently no established standard treatment for them.

Synchronous multiple lung cancers with hilar lymph node metastasis of small cell carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Synchronous multiple lung cancers are rare and refer to the simultaneous presence of two or more primary lung tumors, which present significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

Case Summary: We report a case of multiple synchronous lung cancers with hilar lymph node metastasis of small cell carcinoma of unknown origin in a 73-year-old man. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma.

Two Cases of Breast Cancer With Gastric Metastasis.

Gastric metastases from breast cancer are difficult to distinguish from primary gastric cancer. We report two cases of gastric metastasis of breast cancer with a review of the literature. In the first case, a 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed an erosive lesion in the gastric corpus.

Subareolar Breast Abscess in a Male: A Case Report.

A subareolar breast abscess (SBA) is caused by the formation of an inflammatory abscess around the milk duct. SBAs usually occur in females, and reports of SBAs in males are very rare. This study reports the case of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with a subcutaneous nodule and diffuse erythema around the left nipple.

Superior canal dehiscence syndrome: A review.

Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) is a vestibular disorder in which the presence of a pathological third window in the labyrinth causes several vestibular and cochlear symptoms. Herein, we review the diagnostic criteria and treatment of SCDS. The cause of SCDS is considered to be congenital or acquired; however, its etiology is not well known.

Granulomatous Mastitis Occurring during Pregnancy: A Case Report.

: Granulomatous mastitis is a benign disease with a clinical presentation similar to that of breast cancer, and is most commonly observed in women of childbearing age. Although it has been suggested that autoimmune diseases are involved in its pathogenesis, no specific treatments have been established. The occurrence of this disease during pregnancy has rarely been reported.

Discovery of a Hidden Spermidine Synthase Binding Site and Inhibitors through , and X-ray Crystallography.

In drug discovery research, the selection of promising binding sites and understanding the binding mode of compounds are crucial fundamental studies. The current understanding of the proteins-ligand binding model extends beyond the simple lock and key model to include the induced-fit model, which alters the conformation to match the shape of the ligand, and the pre-existing equilibrium model, selectively binding structures with high binding affinity from a diverse ensemble of proteins. Although methods for detecting target protein binding sites and virtual screening techniques using docking simulation are well-established, with numerous studies reported, they only consider a very limited number of structures in the diverse ensemble of proteins, as these methods are applied to a single structure.

Cabozantinib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Latest Real-World Practice: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Cabozantinib was found to be effective as a second- or third-line treatment after sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the phase 3 CELESTIAL trial. So far, as immunotherapy has substituted molecular target agents as the primary systemic therapy for advanced HCC, cabozantinib is extensively used in the latest real-world clinical practice in a greatly different position than that shown by the CELESTIAL trial. In the current analysis, we examined the safety and effectiveness of cabozantinib administration in real-life settings for patients with advanced HCC.