Atypical Carcinoid With Pulmonary Metastasis in an Adolescent.

Advanced-stage atypical carcinoid tumors are seldom seen in the teenaged population. Comprehensive care, extending beyond mere cancer treatment, is essential. A 16-year-old boy received a diagnosis of a 13-mm nodule in the left S lung segment with signs suggesting interlobar pleural indentation.

Evaluating air leakage from staple line reinforcements in anatomical pulmonary resection (AIRSTOP): a prospective randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Air leakage during pulmonary resection is a major complication in thoracic surgery. It frequently occurs at sites of adhesion dissection, due to lung manipulation, and along the staple lines of automatic suturing devices, particularly in cases of pulmonary fragility such as those of emphysema and interstitial pneumonia. Persistent postoperative air leakage prolongs chest tube indwelling and extends hospitalization time.

Efficacy and safety of applying oxidized regenerated cellulose sheets to the parietal pleura of open chest wounds in thoracic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: According to a large-scale clinical trial in Japan, segmentectomy for small peripheral non-small cell lung cancer has an advantage over lobectomy in terms of overall survival, while it could also increase the incidence of local recurrence. In ipsilateral reoperations, intrathoracic adhesions from a previous surgery increase the risk of lung injury and bleeding, which may result in intraoperative and postoperative complications. The ability of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) sheets to prevent postoperative adhesions has been demonstrated in the abdomen, and the same effect is expected in the thoracic region.

Loco-regional relapse pattern and timing after segmentectomy in patients with c-IA non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Segmentectomy has been recognized as the standard procedure for small peripheral lung cancer; however, it has been shown that loco-regional relapse is more common with segmentectomy than with lobectomy. This study aims to investigate the long-term outcomes and loco-regional relapse patterns in patients with clinical stage IA (c-IA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after segmentectomy and compare them with those after lobectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the long-term outcomes of 115 patients who underwent segmentectomy for c-IA NSCLC with those of 292 patients who underwent lobectomy between January 2008 and December 2015.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical treatment for thoracic malignant tumor cases in Japan: a national clinical database analysis.

Objective: Surgical care has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on lung cancer and mediastinal tumor surgery.

Methods: Changes in the number of surgical procedures for lung cancer and mediastinal tumors were analyzed using the National Clinical Database of Japan.

Comprehensive serum biomarker analysis reveals IL-8 changes as the only predictor of the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is widely used to predict the effectiveness of PD-(L)1 inhibitors despite its imperfection. Previous studies suggested the utilization of various serum biomarkers; nonetheless, findings are inconclusive because of limited sample sizes or the focus on a single biomarker in many of these studies. This study analyzed multiplex serum biomarkers to explore their predictive ability in a large cohort of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with a PD-L1 inhibitor in a real-world setting.

Predictors of nodal upstaging in clinical N1 nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is currently the first choice for the treatment of clinical N1 (cN1) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, diagnosing cN1 correctly can be difficult, even with current imaging diagnostic technologies. We aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative nodal status and the predictive factors for nodal upstaging of cN1-NSCLC.

Machine learning models from computed tomography to diagnose thymic epithelial tumors requiring combined resection.

Background: Minimally invasive approaches have been a standard choice of surgery for noninvasive thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), but we sometimes experience cases requiring combined resection of adjacent structures. We develop and validate machine learning models to predict combined resection based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This study included 212 patients with TETs (140 in the training cohort and 72 in the validation cohort) who underwent radical surgery.

Preoperative risk-factors for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax surgery in Japan: a nationwide database study.

Purpose: We aimed to identify preoperative risk factors for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax surgery.

Methods: The National Clinical Database of Japan, with six annual datasets from 2014 to 2019, was used. All patients who underwent surgery for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were included, excluding those < 15 years old and those with incomplete data.

Surgically resected sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: a nationwide retrospective study in 2010.

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung is a rare histological type of non-small cell lung cancer with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of surgically resected sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 14999 patients who underwent surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer accumulated by the Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry in 2010.

Clinicopathological Features and Survival Outcomes of Resected Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Results From a Nationwide Japanese Registry Data.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of resected lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) using a nationwide multi-institutional database.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 15,542 patients who underwent complete R0 resection for ASC (n = 326), adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 11,820), or squamous cell carcinoma (SC, n = 3396) from a Japanese lung cancer registry in 2010. To reduce the selection bias, an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method using a propensity score was implemented.

Updated outcomes of surgical treatment for recurrent thymic tumour: a report from the Japanese nationwide database.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the surgical outcomes for recurrent thymic epithelial tumours and identify the factors associated with post-recurrence survival, using an updated Japanese nationwide database.

Methods: The cohort that developed recurrence after the initial resection was extracted from an updated database of patients whose thymic epithelial tumours were treated surgically between 1991 and 2010. Furthermore, we reviewed clinicopathological and prognostic factors of re-resected cases.

[Experience with Surgical Stabilization for Traumatic Rib Fractures and Sternal Fractures].

The treatment of traumatic rib fractures and sternal fractures have focused on pain and respiratory management, and conservative treatment has been recommended. Recently, however, a number of case series from abroad have been reported and demonstrated the usefulness of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) and sternal fractures (SSSF). We have experienced seven cases of SSRF and two cases of SSSF at International University Health and Welfare Narita Hospital and Atami Hospital.

[Management of Tracheobronchial Injuries due to Brunt Trauma].

Background: Tracheobronchial injuries resulting from blunt trauma are relatively rare among chest injuries. However, if these injuries are not managed properly, they can be fatal. The prognosis is intricately linked to the precise diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical outcomes of left upper segmentectomy vs. lobectomy for early non-small-cell lung cancer: a nationwide database study in Japan.

Purpose: Given that left upper lobe and right upper and middle lobes share a similar anatomy, segmentectomy, such as upper division and lingulectomy, should yield identical oncological clearance to left upper lobectomy. We compared the prognosis of segmentectomy with that of lobectomy for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the left upper lobe.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 2115 patients who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy for c-stage I (TNM 8th edition) NSCLC in the left upper lobe in 2010.

Japanese guidelines for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2023:Revised edition.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and an unknown cause that generally progresses to pulmonary fibrosis and leads to irreversible tissue alteration. The "Guidelines for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2017," specializing in the treatment of IPF for the first time in Japan and presenting evidence-based standard treatment methods suited to the state of affairs in Japan, was published in 2017, in line with the 2014 version of "Formulation procedure for Minds Clinical Practice Guidelines." Because new evidence had accumulated, we formulated the "Guidelines for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 2023 (revised 2nd edition).

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Lung Cancer with Interstitial Pneumonia.

Patients with lung cancer complicated by interstitial pneumonia (IP) often lose treatment options early owing to acute exacerbation of IP concerns. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) can provide superior tumor control and low toxicity at high dose concentrations. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of a single-fraction CIRT using 50 Gy for IP-complicated lung cancer.