Differences in the effects of exercise on blood pressure depending on the physical condition of the subject and the type of exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Although hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, the control of blood pressure (BP) is insufficient worldwide. Exercise is an effective treatment for reducing BP, but the differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of exercise according to the underlying pathophysiological condition, the type of exercise, and the geographic region are not fully understood. An umbrella review with a meta-analysis of 435 randomized controlled trials that investigated the BP-lowering effects of exercise was performed using Ovid MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, covering the period from inception to August 1, 2023.

Greater energy surplus promotes body protein accretion in healthy young men: A randomized clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Caloric overfeeding combined with adequate protein intake increases not only body fat mass but also fat-free mass. However, it remains unclear whether the increase in fat-free mass due to overfeeding is associated with an increase in total body protein mass. We evaluated the hypothesis that overfeeding would promote an increase in total body protein mass.

A New Case of Abetalipoproteinemia Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygote Mutations in the MTTP Gene without Fat or Vitamin Malabsorption.

Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is a rare disease characterized by extremely low apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoprotein levels, dietary fat, and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption, leading to gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and ophthalmological symptoms. We herein report a case of ABL with novel compound heterozygous mutations in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene (c.1686_1687del [p.

Effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on renal hemodynamics assessed by ultrasound echo.

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) has become attractive for presenting a variety of exercise conditions. However, the effects of HIIE on renal function and hemodynamics remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on renal hemodynamics, renal function, and kidney injury biomarkers.

Cuban policosanol improves high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy Japanese subjects.

Policosanol supplementation has been reported to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the association between Cuban policosanol supplementation and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), an important function of HDL, remains unclear. We performed a lipoprotein analysis investigating 32 Japanese healthy participants (placebo,  = 17 or policosanol supplementation for 12 weeks,  = 15) from a randomized Cuban policosanol clinical trial.

The neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression increases during satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts differentiation.

The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; encoded by NOS1)-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass. In adult skeletal muscle, nNOS localizes to the cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus, and regulates muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in various subcellular fractions. However, its role in muscle stem cells (also known as muscle satellite cells), which provide myonuclei for postnatal muscle growth, maintenance, and regeneration, remains unclear.

Protection of Liver Functions and Improvement of Kidney Functions by Twelve Weeks Consumption of Cuban Policosanol (Raydel) with a Decrease of Glycated Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Study with Healthy and Middle-Aged Japanese Participants.

Policosanol consumption has been associated with treating blood pressure and dyslipidemia by increasing the level of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL functionality. Although policosanol supplementation also ameliorated liver function in animal models, it has not been reported in a human clinical study, particularly with a 20 mg doage of policosanol. In the current study, twelve-week consumption of Cuban policosanol (Raydel) significantly enhanced the hepatic functions, showing remarkable decreases in hepatic enzymes, blood urea nitrogen, and glycated hemoglobin.

The Validity of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability during Cycling Exercise.

Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) has been validated in the resting state, but its validity during exercise is unclear. This study aimed to examine the validity in ultra-short-term HRV during exercise considering the different exercise intensities. HRVs of twenty-nine healthy adults were measured during incremental cycle exercise tests.

Beneficial Effect of Cuban Policosanol on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipoproteins Accompanied with Lowered Glycated Hemoglobin and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Functionalities in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial with Healthy Japanese.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 20 mg of Cuban policosanol in blood pressure (BP) and lipid/lipoprotein parameters of healthy Japanese subjects via a placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blinded human trial. After 12 weeks of consumption, the policosanol group showed significantly lower BP, glycated hemoglobin (HbA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The policosanol group also showed lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP) levels at week 12 than those at week 0: A decrease of up to 9% ( < 0.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Phosphate Accelerates Cellular Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1 Cells.

Cholesterol efflux is a major atheroprotective function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) which removes cholesterol from the foam cells of lipid-rich plaques in Type 2 diabetes. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin phosphate increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations and is used to treat Type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 plays an important role in regulating insulin secretion and expression via the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is expressed in pancreatic islets as well as freshly isolated human monocytes and THP-1 cells.

The moderate-intensity continuous exercise maintains renal blood flow and does not impair the renal function.

Exercise is restricted for individuals with reduced renal function because exercising reduces blood flow to the kidneys. Safe and effective exercise programs for individuals with reduced renal function have not yet been developed. We previously examined the relationship between exercise intensity and renal blood flow (RBF), revealing that moderate-intensity exercise did not reduce RBF.

Intermittent Exercise at Lactate Threshold Induces Lower Acute Stress than Its Continuous Counterpart in Middle-to-Older Aged Men.

This study aimed to compare the degree of exhaustion and trophic effects between continuous exercise (CE) and intermittent exercise (IE) at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Seven healthy men (age: 43-69 years) performed the following three experimental tests in a randomized crossover order: (1) control; (2) CE, performed as a 20-min of cycling at LT intensity; and (3) IE, performed as 20 sets of a one-min bout of cycling at LT intensity with a 30-s rest between every two sets. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), catecholamines, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured.

Cognitive Improvement After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Is Not Associated With Peripheral Biomarkers.

The role of peripheral biomarkers following acute physical exercise on cognitive improvement has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to explore the role of peripheral circulating biomarkers in executive performance following acute aerobic and resistance exercise. Nineteen healthy males completed a central executive (Go/No-Go) task before and after 30-min of perceived intensity matched aerobic and resistance exercise.

The ratio of heart rate to heart rate variability reflects sympathetic activity during incremental cycling exercise.

A low-frequency to a high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF) in heart rate variability (HRV) may not accurately reflect sympathetic nervous activity during exercise. Thus, a valid HRV-based index of sympathetic nervous activity is needed. Therefore, the heart rate to LF ratio (Heart rate/LF) was evaluated as sympathetic nervous activity index which is reflected by catecholamine levels during incremental exercise.

Short-term running exercise alters DNA methylation patterns in neuronal nitric oxide synthase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the mouse hippocampus and reduces anxiety-like behaviors.

Running exercise has beneficial effects on brain health. However, the effects of relatively short-term running exercise (STEx) on behavior, and its underlying signaling pathways, are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that the regulation by STEx of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, encoded by NOS1), which are important molecules for anxiety regulation, might involve mechanisms of epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation.

Table tennis for patients with Parkinson's disease: A single-center, prospective pilot study.

Introduction: Table tennis is a popular sport worldwide. However, no study has examined whether it is an effective exercise for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The efficacy and safety of table tennis exercise for PD patients was examined.

The Association between Decreased Kidney Function and FIB-4 Index Value, as Indirect Liver Fibrosis Indicator, in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects.

Liver fibrosis might be linked to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is little information about the association between liver fibrosis and decreased kidney function in middle-aged and older subjects. We aimed to evaluate the influence of liver fibrosis on the incidence or prevalence of CKD stage 3-5 in a retrospective cross-sectional study (Study 1, = 806) and a 6-year longitudinal study (Study 2, = 380) of middle-aged and older subjects.

DCTN1 Binds to TDP-43 and Regulates TDP-43 Aggregation.

A common pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP-43. Perry disease, which displays inherited atypical parkinsonism, is a type of TDP-43 proteinopathy. The causative gene encodes the largest subunit of the dynactin complex.