Nivolumab exerts therapeutic effects against metastatic lesions from early gastric adenocarcinoma with a small proportion of neuroendocrine carcinoma after gastrectomy: a case report.

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is an aggressive disease with high metastatic ability. Gastric cancer has intra-tumoral and intra-patient heterogeneity and may contain NEC. We discuss the case of a 75-year-old man who underwent distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

Case of cecal volvulus successfully treated with endoscopic colopexy.

We herein report a case of cecal volvulus successfully treated with endoscopic colopexy. A 73-year-old man with a high fever and abdominal fullness was diagnosed with ileus caused by cecal volvulus. CT showed a dilated cecum and small intestine without bowel strangulation as well as acute pneumonia.

Efficacy of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase hepatic MRI.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase MRI.

Methods: In phantom study, we scanned a phantom and obtained images by conventional means (P1 images), by partial-Fourier image reconstruction (PF, P2 images) and by PF with the POCS algorithm (P3 images). Then we acquired and compared subtraction images (P2-P1 images and P3-P1 images).

Acute gastric volvulus in a patient with trisomy 21.

Acute gastric volvulus is a torsion of the stomach by more than 180° and a life-threatening condition. We present a 50-year-old male patient with acute abdominal pain who has Down syndrome/trisomy 21. Computed tomography showed a significant distended stomach with features of a severe gastric volvulus.

Contrast enhancement during hepatic computed tomography: effect of total body weight, height, body mass index, blood volume, lean body weight, and body surface area.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of total body weight, height, body mass index, blood volume, lean body weight, and body surface area (BSA) on aortic and hepatic contrast enhancement during hepatic computed tomography (CT).

Methods: We calculated the changes in the CT number per gram of iodine ((Δ Hounsfield units/g [ΔHU/g])) for the aorta and the liver during portal venous phase. We performed linear regression analyses between ΔHU/g and each of the body parameters.

Successful conservative treatment of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with intraperitoneal free air: report of a case.

While pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare condition associated with a wide variety of underlying diseases, PI with intraperitoneal free air and ascites is extremely uncommon and is difficult to distinguish from diffuse peritonitis. We herein describe the case of an 87-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, distension and nausea. Abdominal plain radiography and computed tomography revealed intramural air collection in the entire intestine, intraperitoneal free air and ascites.

Resectable gallbladder cancer presenting with acute pancreatitis caused by hemobilia.

A 79-year-old female was transferred to our hospital because of suspicion that her acute pancreatitis was caused by stone impaction in the common bile duct (CBD). Laboratory examination showed aspartate aminotransferase, 1645 U/l; alanine aminotransferase, 476 U/l; amylase, 1365 U/l; and white blood cells, 10700/μl. Computed tomography (CT) showed an enhanced tumor in the neck of the gallbladder, an abnormal CBD filled with a high-density area, and localized swelling in the head of the pancreas.

Abdominal dynamic CT in patients with renal dysfunction: contrast agent dose reduction with low tube voltage and high tube current-time product settings at 256-detector row CT.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a low-contrast agent dose protocol at abdominal dynamic computed tomography (CT) with a low tube voltage high tube current-time product technique and a 256-detector row CT unit.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study received institutional review board approval; written informed consent to participate was obtained from all patients. The study included 151 patients; 117 had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.

[Multimodality therapy for synchronous liver metastases of gastric cancer--significance of aggressive hepatic resection of liver lesions].

We analyzed 15 gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases, and studied the significance of hepatic resection with multimodality therapy. 1. Both gastric and hepatic resections followed by intra-arterial or systemic chemotherapy were performed for six patients, two of whom had intra-operative MCT or EIT.

[A long-survival case of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastasis: usefulness of intraoperative multimodality therapy and post-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy for liver lesions].

A 62-year-old man was found to have advanced cancer of the gastric cardia with multiple liver metastasis. Total gastrectomy was performed, and 11 hepatic lesions were simultaneously treated by intraoperative multimodality therapy. The therapy included hepatic resections for seven easily-resectable lesions, microwave coagulation therapy for two lesions, and ethanol injection therapy for two.

Mechanisms producing color change in flat early gastric cancers.

Background And Study Aims: Although highly refined endoscopes have made it possible to detect not only early gastric cancers with morphological changes, but also flat-type tumors (type IIb) on the basis of the color changes observed in them, the factors responsible for color changes in type IIb carcinomas have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential mechanisms underlying these color changes.

Patients And Methods: Thirteen type IIb cancers were selected from a total of 589 resected gastric cancers detected preoperatively using endoscopic examination.

[Evaluation of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as a curative therapy against early gastric cancer].

This study investigated the effectiveness of EMR as a curative therapy against early gastric cancer, comparing with that of radical operation. In 256 radical operation cases, five year survival rates were 97.5% in m-cancer and 93.

Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult.

A case is reported of a 55 year old male patient with primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who was subjected to distal gastrectomy. Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition which is usually misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the antrum. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of the circular fibres of the pyloric canal and is recognizable radiologically by narrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal and endoscopically by appearances resembling those of the cervix.

[Effect of gastrectomy on release of gut hormones].

We investigated the effect of gastrectomy on the digestive system in 87 postoperative long-term survivors under test meal or egg yolk load. After test meal, gastrin and secretin responses were decreased in each of groups of proximal gastrectomy (PG), distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I (DG-B1), that with Billroth-II (DG-B2), total gastrectomy with interposition (TG-I), and that with Roux-Y (TG-RY). However, sufficient acid-secretors after partial gastrectomy showed secretin responses comparable to controls.

Penicillin G-induced cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig.

Allergic cutaneous responses were induced by intradermal injection of penicillin G (PCG) and PCG-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates onto the back of guinea pig actively immunized with PCG potassium (25 mg/animal) incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant. The PCG-induced response was characterized macroscopically by erythema and edema with a maximum level at 24 hrs after elicitation and microscopically by the infiltration with basophils, macrophages and lymphocytes following with neutrophils. In addition, intensity of macrophage-infiltration shared a similar time course change with those of erythema and edema.

[Effects of antiinflammatory agents on rat paw tuberculin response].

A marked tuberculin response as well as carrageenin edema were induced in rat hind paw to compare the effects of antiinflammatory agents on these responses. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents such as diclofenac and piroxicam were very weak inhibitors of the paw tuberculin response. These agents showed only a slight inhibitory effect on tuberculin response even at doses that were four to five times larger than the 50% effective doses for inhibiting carrageenin edema.

[Antigenicity of penicillin G in the guinea pig].

Antigenicity of penicillin G (PCG) was studied in guinea pigs. PCG 5 mg, 10 mg or 25 mg with Freund's complete adjuvant each on days 0, 7 and 21 was injected to a guinea pig: intramuscularly into both thighs and intracutaneously into four locations on the back. A remarkable antigenicity was induced in animals immunized with 25 mg although only low antigenicity in 5 mg and 10 mg.

[Individual differences in PCA response in the guinea pig].

Experiments were carried out to determine the cause of individual differences in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response in guinea pigs. The intensity of 4-h homologous PCA produced by anti-penicillin G serum was not markedly different among eight reactive sites on the back of a specified animal, whereas considerable individual differences were observed in the PCA response, even at a specified reactive site. PCA was significantly inhibited by an antihistaminic agent, promethazine, and the tissue histamine content was significantly reduced after PCA, suggesting histamine release as a mediator.

The protective effect of a new antiallergic agent, KP-136 on mast cell activation: a comparison with disodium cromoglycate.

The protective effects on mast cell activation were compared between a new antiallergic agent, KP-136 and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), both of which inhibited the immunological degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. The IC50 was 0.03 micrograms/ml for KP-136 and 4.

[The pharmacological properties of a new anti-allergic agent, KP-136, in cutaneous models].

The pharmacological properties of KP-136 were studied using cutaneous reactions in rats and guinea pigs. KP-136 remarkably inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) with intravenous and oral dosing. However, the inhibitory effect of KP-136 had an apparent species difference.