An analysis of leg joint synergy during backward walking.

Grasso et al. (1998) proposed the hypothesis that motor commands for the backward walking is designed so as to reproduce the reversal motion of forward walking. In this study, we analyzed the leg joint synergy in backward walking by the UCM analysis and compared the results with the time reversal profile of the synergy in forward walking.

An analysis of leg joint synergy during bipedal walking in Japanese macaques.

We analyzed bipedal locomotion of Japanese macaques from the view point of leg joint synergy by the UCM (Uncontrolled manifold) analysis in order to examine how and when hip, knee and ankle joints cooperate so as to suppress the variances of the toe position relative to the hip position. Our results showed that joint synergy is exploited at some moments during walking. For instance, the variance of the vertical toe position was suppressed by joint synergy when the tip of the finger passes its lowest position from the ground.