Effect of changes in skin properties due to diabetes mellitus on the titration period of transdermal fentanyl: single-center retrospective study and diabetic animal model study.

Background: In the dose titration of transdermal fentanyl to prevent unrelieved pain, it is important to consider not only dose adjustment, but also the titration period, which is influenced by the time required to reach the steady state. Many patients with cancer pain experience comorbidities that might affect the skin properties and influence transdermal absorption. We hypothesized that skin changes due to diabetes mellitus (DM) would affect the titration period of transdermal fentanyl.

Effect of obesity on pharmacokinetics of transdermal fentanyl: Single-center retrospective study and animal study.

A retrospective study and an animal study were conducted to investigate factors affecting the transdermal fentanyl dose to achieve adequate pain relief in patients switched from other opioids. In the retrospective study, patient factors were included as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and serum albumin concentration. In obese (BMI ≥25) patients, the post-titration dose of transdermal fentanyl was significantly lower than in normal (BMI 18.

Transdermal pilocarpine on the skin over salivary glands to increase salivation: an in vivo study.

Background: Hyposalivation is treated using oral cholinergic drugs; however, systemic side effects occasionally lead to discontinuation of treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of transdermal pilocarpine on the salivary gland skin on saliva secretion and safety in rats.

Methods: Pilocarpine was administered to rats orally (0.

Sodium citrate buffer improves pazopanib solubility and absorption in gastric acid-suppressed rat model.

Pazopanib exhibits pH-dependent solubility and its absorption depends primarily on the stomach pH. Significant decrease of pazopanib absorption by coadministration with proton pump inhibitors in clinical situation need to be overcome. Thus, the purpose of this study is firstly to investigate the effect of acidic beverages and sodium citrate buffer on the solubility of pazopanib and secondly to examine the effect of sodium citrate buffer on pazopanib absorption in a rat model with esomeprazole-mediated gastric acid suppression.

Association between switching prescribed drugs for lower urinary tract symptoms and independence of urination in post-stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Stroke patients frequently exhibit loss of independence of urination, and their lower urinary tract symptoms change with the phase of stroke. However, it is unclear whether switching prescribed drugs for lower urinary tract symptoms during hospitalization from acute care wards to convalescence rehabilitation wards affects patients' independence of urination at discharge. It is also unclear whether the impact of switching varies by stroke type.

Case report: therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in an acute liver failure patient with anuria under high-flow continuous hemodiafiltration.

Background: High-flow continuous hemodiafiltration (HF-CHDF) combines diffusive and convective solute removal and is employed for artificial liver adjuvant therapy. However, there is no report on dosage planning of vancomycin (VCM) in patients with acute liver failure under HF-CHDF.

Case Presentation: A 20-year-old woman (154 cm tall, weighing 50 kg) was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute liver failure associated with autoimmune liver disease.

Evaluation of factors affecting epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a two-center retrospective study.

Background: Gefitinib and erlotinib, are epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and are currently recommended for non-small cell lung cancer stage IV in the elderly and in patients with decreased performance status in the Japanese Lung Cancer Society Guideline, but they occasionally caused severe hepatotoxicity requiring postponement or modification of treatment. However, little is known about the risk factors for hepatotoxicity in patients receiving gefitinib and erlotinib. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing hepatotoxicity in Japanese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib monotherapy.

Single-Center Analysis of Pegfilgrastim-induced Aortitis Using a Drug Prescription Database and CT Findings.

Background Pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis is a rare but serious adverse event in patients undergoing anticancer therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analogs. Despite previous case series and systemic reviews, the exact incidence, clinical presentation, and CT manifestations of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis remain unclear. Purpose To clarify the incidence and clinicoradiologic characteristics of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis.

Relationship between Bowel/Bladder Function and Discharge in Older Stroke Patients in Convalescent Rehabilitation Wards: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: : Many stroke patients experience motor and cognitive dysfunctions that make living at home challenging. We aimed to identify the factors associated with hospital discharge to home in older stroke patients in convalescent rehabilitation wards where intensive and comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation are performed following acute-phase treatment.

Methods: : A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1227 older stroke patients registered in the database of the Council of Kaga Local Stroke Network, Japan, between 2015 and 2019.

Association of a continuous continence self-management program with independence in voiding behavior among stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Aims: Many stroke patients cannot urinate independently due to motor and cognitive dysfunctions. This study examined whether a continuous continence self-management program during acute and convalescent phases is associated with independence in voiding behavior.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among stroke patients registered in the Council of Kaga Local Stroke Network, Japan, from 2015 to 2019.

Risk factors for interstitial lung disease induced by gemcitabine plus albumin-bound paclitaxel therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) therapy is used for unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but may cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) as a serious side effect. However, the risk factors for ILD in patients receiving GnP therapy are not well established. Here, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of GnP-induced ILD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients, and the risk factors.

Oxytocin-Trust Link in Oxytocin-Sensitive Participants and Those Without Autistic Traits.

There have been numerous studies in which the biological role of oxytocin in trusting behavior has been investigated. However, a link between oxytocin and trust in humans was discovered only in one early study. We hypothesized that there is a large interindividual variation in oxytocin sensitivity, and that such variation is one reason for the doubt surrounding the role of oxytocin in trusting behavior.

Initial Serum C-reactive Protein Level as a Predictor of Increasing Serum Vancomycin Concentration During Treatment.

Background: Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic window, and an increase in its serum concentration-to-dose ratio during treatment can cause renal toxicity. Therefore, this study was aimed at finding a marker to identify patients at risk of increasing serum vancomycin during treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with vancomycin at Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan, from April 2012 to May 2015.

Risk Factors for Delayed Elimination of Methotrexate in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma.

Background/aim: High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is pivotal chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma. Blood concentrations of MTX are associated with several side effects, but there are large individual differences in the elimination of MTX. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for delayed elimination of MTX in children, adolescents and young adults with osteosarcoma.

Comparison of Tolerability Between 2-Weekly and 3-Weekly Docetaxel Regimen in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: The tolerability of 2-weekly docetaxel at 25-35 mg/m for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate its tolerability compared to 3-weekly docetaxel at 60-75 mg/m in patients with CRPC.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, data were compared with respect to efficacy and safety between 2-weekly and 3-weekly docetaxel regimens in patients with CRPC.

Competitiveness and individual characteristics: a double-blind placebo-controlled study using oxytocin.

Oxytocin-enhanced prosocial behaviour depends on individual characteristics. This study investigated the relationship between oxytocin and competitiveness, which is another important social trait and predicts economic and social outcomes. In this double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study of 192 male participants, we examined whether oxytocin moderates competitiveness and whether the effect of oxytocin on competitiveness is amplified in individuals with autistic traits.

Examination of Aggregate Formation upon Simultaneous Dissolution of Methacrylic Acid Copolymer LD Enteric Coating Agent, Pharmaceutical Additives, and Zwitterionic Ingredients.

We previously showed that adhesive aggregates were formed when levofloxacin hydrate tablets and lansoprazole orally disintegrating (OD) tablets were suspended in water in the clinical context. In this study, we have clarified the factors causing aggregate formation, focusing on the role of pharmaceutical additives and electrostatic interaction. Co-suspension of enteric-coated proton pump inhibitor (PPI) esomeprazole magnesium hydrate with levofloxacin resulted in aggregate formation, whereas the non-enteric-coated PPI vonoprazan fumarate did not.

Detailed assessment and risk factor analysis of corticosteroid-induced psychiatric disorders in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients undergoing induction or consolidation therapy for hematologic malignancy.

Background: Corticosteroid-induced psychiatric disorders (CIPDs) represent an adverse effect that can cause severe emotional and behavioral problems. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of CIPDs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 92 pediatric and young adult patients with hematologic malignancies was conducted.

A Previously Unknown Drug-Drug Interaction Is Suspected in Delayed Elimination of Plasma Methotrexate in High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy.

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) therapy is widely implemented for leukemia, osteosarcoma, and lymphoma. Although various measures have been taken to avoid toxicity from high serum MTX concentrations, there are many cases of delayed elimination of MTX. We suspected that delayed elimination of serum MTX was caused by unknown interactions between MTX and concomitant drugs.