Relationship between the Axillary Nerve and Accompanying Vessels and Proximal Humeral Locking Plates in Japanese: An MRI Study.

We investigated the anatomical features of the axillary nerve and its accompanying vessels with respect to the lateral wall of the greater tuberosity, focusing on the relationship between the neurovascular bundle and the proximal humeral locking plates. Magnetic resonance images of 30 Japanese patients' shoulders were examined. Oblique sagittal images across the greater tuberosity and the neurovascular bundle, which contain the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein, were obtained.

Coverage of the humeral head by the coracoacromial arch: relationship with rotator cuff tears.

The pathogenetic roles of the coracoacromial arch in the development of rotator cuff tears are still controversial. This study compared the anteroposterior coverage of the humeral head by the coracoacromial arch between shoulders with and without full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Forty-two shoulders from 21 embalmed cadaveric specimens were macroscopically examined.

Histological analysis of failed cartilage repair after marrow stimulation for the treatment of large cartilage defect in medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.

Bone marrow-stimulating techniques such as microfracture and subchondral drilling are valuable treatments for full-thickness cartilage defects. However, marrow stimulation-derived reparative tissues are not histologically well-documented in human osteoarthritis. We retrospectively investigated cartilage repairs after marrow stimulation for the treatment of large cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees.

Attachment of the anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament-labrum complex to the glenoid: an anatomic study.

Purpose: To determine the morphology of the attachment of the anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament-labrum complex (AIGHL-LC) to the anterior rim of the glenoid.

Methods: Sixty-six cadaveric shoulders with a mean age of 81 years were studied. The length of the AIGHL-LC attachment in the superoinferior direction and its depth in the mediolateral direction at the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-o'clock positions were measured.

Humeral head osteonecrosis in an adolescent amateur swimming athlete: a case report.

Osteonecrosis of the humeral head in an adolescent without clear pathogenesis has not been reported in the literature. In this case report, we present such a case of humeral head osteonecrosis in a 15-year-old adolescent. The lesion was located at the subchondral area of the medial part of the humeral head with characteristic appearances on MRI.

Anatomical and functional segments of the deltoid muscle.

Previous studies showed that the insertion of the intramuscular tendons of the deltoid muscle formed three discrete lines. The purpose of the present study was to establish a new dividing method of the deltoid muscle into various anatomical segments based on the distribution of the intramuscular tendons with their insertions (anatomical study). We further hoped to clarify the relationship between the anatomical segments and their activity pattern assessed by positron emission tomography with [¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET; PET study).

GDF-5/7 and bFGF activate integrin alpha2-mediated cellular migration in rabbit ligament fibroblasts.

Cellular activities responding to growth factors are important in ligament healing. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has poor healing potential compared to the medial collateral ligament (MCL). To assess the differences, we investigated the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and matrix synthesis responding to growth factors in rabbit ACL and MCL fibroblasts.

Disease-specific screening for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism using plasma D-dimer values after total knee arthroplasty.

We prospectively evaluated the disease-specific features of the early postoperative plasma D: -dimer value and the relationship with deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary thromboembolism (DVT/PE) in 95 patients following total knee arthroplasty. Patients in whom DVT/PE was highly suspected were diagnosed by high-resolution multi-detector row computed tomography scanning (MDCT). Forty-nine knees in 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 24 knees) or osteoarthritis (OA, 25 knees) were finally recruited.