Correlation between postprandial bile acids and body fat mass in healthy normal-weight subjects.

Background: Bile acids (BAs) play important roles in glucose regulation and energy homeostasis via G protein-coupled receptors, such as enteroendocrine L cell TGR5. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between postprandial BA levels and body composition after ingestion of a standard test meal.

Methods: Eleven healthy subjects of normal weight (body-mass index, 22.

Change in urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase levels relevant to postprandial glycemic control conditions in subjects without diabetes mellitus.

Background: To assess the relationship between the serum level of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a marker of postprandial hyperglycemia, and the ratio of the urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase to creatinine (NAG index) in subjects without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 495 subjects without DM who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate≥30ml/min/1.73m(2).

What characteristics at baseline are associated with the glucose-lowering effect of colestimide in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia according to response to treatment?

Colestimide, an anion exchange resin, reportedly improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, no studies of the glucose-lowering effect of colestimide have identified responders and nonresponders. In the present study, we compared glycemic control, lipids, and body-mass index (BMI) among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving colestimide (n=59) until 24 weeks after the start of treatment.

Serum uric acid in relation to serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum levels of uric acid (UA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in elderly subjects (60 years or older; mean age, 73.0±7.2 years) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Low-molecular-weight lipoprotein (a) and low relative lymphocyte concentration are significant and independent risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Lp(a) phenotype, lymphocyte, and coronary heart disease.

Background: The aim of the present prospective study was to examine whether lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] phenotypes and/or low relative lymphocyte concentration (LRLC) are independently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Serum Lp(a) concentration, Lp(a) phenotypes, and RLC were analyzed in 214 subjects. Lp(a) phenotypes were classified into 7 subtypes according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis by Western blotting.

Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase levels are positively correlated with 2-hr plasma glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance testing in prediabetes.

Background: Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion is increased in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This study investigated when during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the plasma glucose, urine glucose, and insulin levels correlate most strongly with urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in prediabetic subjects.

Methods: The OGTT was administered to 80 subjects who had not yet received a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and in whom HbA1c levels were ≤6.

Correlation between asymptomatic leukocyturia and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase in women.

Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been suggested as a marker for early diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between asymptomatic leukocyturia (ASL) and NAG in women. One hundred and five female outpatients aged 31-86 years were selected for a 10-year follow-up study.

The effects of postprandial glucose and insulin levels on postprandial endothelial function in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that postprandial hyperglycemia attenuates brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in prediabetic patients, in diabetic patients, and even in normal subjects. We have previously reported that postprandial hyperinsulinemia also attenuates FMD. In the present study we evaluated the relationship between different degrees of postprandial attenuation of FMD induced by postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and differences in ingested carbohydrate content in non-diabetic individuals.

Effects of bile-acid-binding resin (colestimide) on blood glucose and visceral fat in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia: an open-label, randomized, case-control, crossover study.

Objective: The objective was to examine the effects of colestimide on blood glucose, visceral fat, adipocytokines, and bile acid conjugate fractions in Japanese patients.

Methods: This study was an open-label, randomized, case-control, crossover study of colestimide 3 g/day in 40 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and hypercholesterolemia. Patients were assigned to the colestimide group in which pravastatin and colestimide were administered orally and to the statin group in which pravastatin alone was administered orally.

[A case of ileus caused by a fecalith in an elderly patient with severe dementia].

An 82-year-old woman with severe dementia, living in a nursing home, had severe chronic constipation, possibly due to the presence of multiple risk factors for constipation such as a past history of abdominal open surgery, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and bedridden status. She visited our department accompanied by nursing staff with complaints of nausea and vomiting. Abdominal X-ray films and computed tomography (CT) images showed ileus.

Asymptomatic leukocyturia and the autonomic nervous system in women.

Background: The present study sought to investigate the relationship between asymptomatic leukocyturia (ASL) and autonomic nervous function by power spectral analysis of the R-R intervals in women.

Methods: One hundred and forty-two female outpatients aged 23-91 years were studied. We regarded ASL to be present if two consecutive samples were found to have 10 or more leukocytes/high-power field at x400 magnification in a centrifuged midstream urine sample.

Glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance tests and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are predictors of change from normal to impaired glucose tolerance in healthy middle-aged Japanese men.

We evaluated the predictors of the development from normal to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in healthy middle-aged Japanese men. Forty male subjects who showed normal glucose tolerance (NGT) levels based on WHO criteria and who had undergone 75-g OGTT annually for 10 years were selected in the database of medical checkups retrospectively, and divided into two groups: those retaining NGT and those that developed IGT. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the glucose levels at 30 and 60 min were significantly associated with the development of IGT in the Cox proportional hazard model.

Colestimide lowers plasma glucose levels and increases plasma glucagon-like PEPTIDE-1 (7-36) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Colestimide has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by hypercholesterolemia.

Aim: To examine the mechanism by which colestimide decreases plasma glucose levels in the above patients.

Methods: A total of 16 inpatients with type 2 diabetes complicated by hypercholesterolemia received colestimide for 1 week after their plasma glucose levels stabilized.

Blood glucose-lowering activity of colestimide in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia: a case-control study comparing colestimide with acarbose.

Background: An anion exchange resin has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To examine, in comparison with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, the usefulness of colestimide in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were more or less randomly assigned to receive either colestimide (17 patients) or acarbose (16 patients).

[Epidemiology of elderly diabetes mellitus in Japan].

Glucose tolerance progressively declines with age, and there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and post challenge hyperglycemia in the older population. Diabetes in the elderly is not a single entity, but a heterogeneous group of conditions. A further 9% may have undetected/asymptomatic hyperglycemia.

Relation of apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes to diabetic retinopathy in elderly type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between apolipoprotein (a) (apo (a) ) phenotypes and diabetic retinopathy in elderly type 2 diabetes. Serum Lp (a) concentrations and apo (a) phenotypes were analyzed in 250 diabetic patients aged 60 to 88 years old. Apo (a) phenotypes were classified into 7 subtypes (F, B, S1, S2, S3, S4, O (Null) ) by the method SDS electrophoresis with Western blotting.