A Novel Method to Localize Patency Capsule by Ileocolonoscopy Facilitates Endoscopic Assessment of the Small and Large Intestine in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require an assessment of small bowel lesions, while difficulties exist in performing small intestinal examinations, especially in small-sized medical offices. Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is handy and can be performed in most clinical settings. The only drawback of SBCE is a requirement of patency testing prior to the exam because it sometimes requires CT scanning to localize the ingested patency capsule (PC), which may be a substantial burden for the patient.

The effect of antithrombotic drug use on delayed bleeding with esophageal endoscopic resection.

Background And Aim: Whether antithrombotic drugs increase the risk of post-esophageal endoscopic resection bleeding is unknown. This study examined the effect of antithrombotic drugs, aspirin, thienopyridine, direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), and warfarin, on post-esophageal endoscopic resection bleeding.

Methods: We enrolled 957 patients (1202 esophageal tumors) treated with endoscopic resection and classified them based on antithrombotic drug use as no use, aspirin, thienopyridine, DOAC, and warfarin.

[Idiopathic esophageal submucosal hematoma during antithrombotic therapy for essential thrombocythemia].

A 73-year-old woman was hospitalized with sudden chest pain and hematemesis. Chest computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an idiopathic submucosal hematoma from the cervical esophagus to the esophagogastric mucosal junction. Idiopathic esophageal submucosal hematoma is often prone to a bleeding tendency of an underlying disorder.

Ability of artificial intelligence to detect T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from endoscopic videos and the effects of real-time assistance.

Diagnosis using artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning could be useful in endoscopic examinations. We investigated the ability of AI to detect superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) videos. We retrospectively collected 8428 EGD images of esophageal cancer to develop a convolutional neural network through deep learning.

Application of artificial intelligence using convolutional neural networks in determining the invasion depth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: In Japan, endoscopic resection (ER) is often used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) when invasion depths are diagnosed as EP-SM1, whereas ESCC cases deeper than SM2 are treated by surgical operation or chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the invasion depth of ESCC via preoperative endoscopic examination. Recently, rapid progress in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning in medical fields has been achieved.

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection can be efficiently performed by a trainee with use of a simple traction device and expert supervision.

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically challenging owing to submucosal fibrosis and difficult endoscope manipulation. Therefore, various traction methods have been reported. We often use a simple looped nylon thread attached to a clip to assist with dissection.

Diagnostic outcomes of esophageal cancer by artificial intelligence using convolutional neural networks.

Background And Aims: The prognosis of esophageal cancer is relatively poor. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when it is often too late for effective treatment. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning has made remarkable progress in medicine.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis: an association or a coincidence?

An association between Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) and colon cancer remains conjectural, but herein we describe a case who may illustrate a significant link between them. The 60-year-old woman was diagnosed at 28 years of age with colon carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). She also had repeated pneumothoraces, and was diagnosed with BHDS following the finding of pneumothorax in her son.

[A case of clopidogrel-induced eosinophilic pneumonia].

An 83-year-old man had been prescribed clopidogrel for pontine infarction since 8 months previously, and had had a cough for the last 2 weeks of this period. Laboratory examinations on admission showed a marked increase in eosinophils and elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels. Chest radiography showed bilateral ground-glass opacities, mild reticulation, and interlobar pleural effusion in the minor fissure.

[A case of negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage associated with upper-airway obstruction due to a giant vocal cord nodule].

A 68-year-old woman was brought by ambulance because of sudden choking sensation and dyspnea after coughing. A physical examination showed hoarseness and blood-stained sputum. A chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral diffusely-distributed ground-glass opacity.

[A case of anaphylactic reaction after pleurodesis with OK-432].

A 60-year-old woman had received adjuvant chemotherapy after abdominal hysterectomy for clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. She had no history of allergy. She was admitted to our hospital because of massive pleural effusion.

[Case of rapidly progressed pulmonary metastases of superficial bladder cancer].

The patient was a 95-year-old-man admitted to the urological section of our hospital because of hematuria. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed. This tumor was diagnosed pathologically as bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma Grade 3 pT1).

Metabolic activity in skeletal muscles of patients with non-hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease studied by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Objective: An alteration of high energy phosphate metabolism in muscles may contribute to exercise intolerance. The objective of this study was to clarify the changes in high energy phosphate metabolites in muscles during exercise in patients with non-hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which influences the impairment of muscle metabolism.

Methodology: Calf muscle energy metabolism was studied in eight stable non-hypoxaemic COPD patients and eight control subjects, using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

[A case of multiple myeloma presenting as giant chest wall tumors with calcification].

A 60-year-old man was admitted for investigation of an abnormality detected in chest radiography: a giant tumor with calcification in the right middle lung field. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple tumors with calcification on the posterior chest wall. Histological analysis of the tumor specimen obtained by surgical biopsy demonstrated an increasing number of plasma cells accompanied with the deposition of amyloid.

[Eosinophilic pleural effusion by dirofilariasis].

A 44-year-old man visited our hospital because of right chest pain. Pleural effusion in the right lung was detected on a chest radiograph. A chest CT scan demonstrated no abnormal lesions in either lung field, but passive atelectasis due to the pleural effusion was present.