Metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion during backward walking in water and on dry land.

The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride frequency during backward walking in water and on land. The walking speeds in water were set to be half of those on land. There was no significant difference in metabolic costs and RPE between backward walking in water with a current and on land, at slow and moderate speeds (P > 0.

Effect of stride frequency on metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion during walking in water.

We investigated the effect of stride frequency (SF) on metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during walking in water and on dry land. Eleven male subjects walked on a treadmill on dry land and on an underwater treadmill at their preferred SF (PSF) and walked at an SF which was lower and higher than the PSF (i.e.

Physiological and perceptual responses to backward and forward treadmill walking in water.

We compared physiological and perceptual responses, and stride characteristics while walking backward in water with those of walking forward in water. Eight males walked on an underwater treadmill, immersed to their xiphoid process level. Oxygen uptake ((.